SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

Photocatalytic effect of nature and modified V-bearing rutile

A natural rutile TiO2, which displays photocatalysis on degrading halohydrocarbon pollutants, was reported. The rutile contains up to 1.22% V2O5 (weight percent). Substitutions of Ti by V, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn, result in lattice distortions and defects. Grinding, heating and quenching modify the surface characteristics of ruffle, and consequently increase its photoactivity. It is found that the heating and quenching treatments enhance visible-light absorption of ruffle, especially at 1000 and 1100℃. Ground rutile is effective to degrade tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene. While, heating at 1000℃, and quenching at 1000 and 1100℃ distinctly improve degradation rate of samples. The special properties of the natural rutile have particular capabilities in photocatalytic oxidation, especially in degradation of halohydrocarbons.     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

室温下N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化酯法合成吡咯-2,5-二乙酰胺

在室温下用一锅反应法以二环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）（2 equiv．）为偶合试剂，使用过量（4equiv．）的胺，用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（Hosu）（2 equiv．）活化酯法合成了吡咯-2，5-二酰胺，且产率（70％）比在低温时（63％）有所提高．探讨了选用不同的合成方法及偶合试剂以及反应条件和试剂的用量对合成目标产物的影响．     

微波法处理高浓度有机废水可行性实验

通过改变微波功率、进水流量和做空白实验、稳定实验等实验方法验证了微波法处理高浓度有机废水的可行性及可靠性.实验研究结果表明,利用微波的加热特性,对高浓度有机废水的处理有明显的效果,但能耗的因素不可忽略,其成本也比较高,工艺条件还应该作进一步的改善,但该技术在环境保护领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

专家组来宜宾五粮液公司考察国家科技部863计划OLED项目

2004年10月10日，国家科技部863计划OLED项目专家组一行4人在四川省科技厅高新技术及产业化处程处长的陪同下，专程来宜宾对五粮液盈泰光电公司申报863计划的“有机电致发光显示屏(OLED)产业化”项目进行考察，五粮液集团公司董事长王国春、盈泰光电公司总经理谢爽等向专家组介绍了该项目的进展情况及发展规划，     

二茂铁修饰碳电极应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究

二茂铁是一种具有良好氧化还原能力的金属有机化合物.近几年,二茂铁及其衍生物的光伏性能受到了极大的关注.本文将二茂铁引入钙钛矿太阳能电池,并成功组装了钙钛矿太阳能电池FTO/bl-TiO_2/mp-TiO_2/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/spiroOMeTAD/C/二茂铁(FC).二茂铁的HOMO能级(-4.8 eV)和碳电极的能级(-5.0 eV)与空穴传输相匹配.二茂铁层是将10 mg mL-1二茂铁氯苯溶液通过旋涂成膜制成,并覆盖在碳电极上.钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率由5.8%提升到6.2%.     

活性炭微波加热制备装置的仿真设计

活性炭在石化、电力、化工、临床医疗、环保等多个行业中广泛应用,其市场需求量也与日俱增.研究表明,相对于传统方法,微波法制备的活性炭具有孔隙结构更发达,比表面积更大,孔隙结构分布更均匀等优势.然而,这些研究都局限于实验室层面,现有的微波加热装置普遍存在热点、热失控和加热效率低下等问题.这严重限制了微波能在活性炭工业制备中的大规模应用.针对上述问题,本文以国内大量存在的竹子为研究对象,提出了一种可用于活性炭制备的微波均匀加热装置设计方案.通过多物理场仿真计算,以原材料的受热均匀性及装置的能量馈入率为考核标准,采用参数扫描分析的方法对装置参数进行了优化,得到了S11参数为-26.81dB,温度场的变异系数为0.2834的加热装置.此外,本文还结合参数扫描过程以及不同算法的运用,验证了该仿真计算的鲁棒性和准确性.该文章的工作对当前的活性炭工业制备装置的设计具有重要指导意义.     

青海湖流域高原鼠兔扰动对土壤养分及微生物量碳氮的影响

为了揭示高原鼠兔扰动对高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物量碳氮的影响,在青海湖流域进行定点采样分析,研究了高原鼠兔扰动前后不同地表类型(草地、新鼠丘、旧鼠丘和禿斑地)土壤养分的垂向分异和水平差异.结果表明:1)高原鼠兔扰动能在短时间内增加土壤养分含量和速效养分释放量,不同土层全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾质量分数的差异均非常显著(P<0.01),不同地表类型全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、全钾和速效钾质量分数的差异显著(P<0.05),但全磷质量分数的差异不显著(p>0.05);2)高原鼠兔扰动能在短时间内增加土壤微生物量碳氮质量分数,并使其垂向分布更加均匀,随着时间推移土壤微生物量碳氮质量分数迅速下降,不同土层微生物量碳氮质量分数的差异均非常显著(P<0.01),不同地表类型微生物量碳质量分数的差异显著(P<0.05),但微生物量氮质量分数的差异不显著(p>0.05);3)高原鼠兔扰动主要通过改变土壤密度和土壤粉粒、地上生物量、土壤含水的质量分数对土壤营养成分产生影响,高原鼠兔扰动后,土壤环境在短期内得到改善,伴随土壤侵蚀的发生多种营养元素流失,土壤总体品质逐渐下降.