Strategy for the mapping of interactive genes using bulked segregant analysis method and Mapmaker/Exp software

A qualitative trait is usually controlled by a single gene, but it may be sometimes controlled by two or even more genes. This phenomenon is called gene interaction. Rapidly searching for linked mo- lecular markers via bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and then constructing regional linkage map with Mapmaker/Exp has become a common approach to mapping single major genes. However, methods and computer programs developed for mapping single major genes cannot be simply applied to interactive genes because the genetic patterns of gene interac- tions are quite different from that of single-gene in- heritance. Up to now, experimental methods for quickly screening molecular markers linked to inter- active genes and statistical methods and corre- sponding computer softwares for simultaneously analyzing the linkage relationships of multiple mo- lecular markers to an interactive gene have not been available. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a strategy for mapping interactive genes using BSA and Mapmaker/Exp. We demonstrate that all interactive genes can be mapped by the 'BSA Mapmaker/Exp' strategy using F2 generation (in a few cases, F3 generation is also needed). As BSA and Mapmaker/Exp have been broadly used in gene mapping studies and are well known by many re- searchers, the strategies proposed in this paper will be useful for practical researches.     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psll in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice psl1 （presenescing leaf） mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of ^60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the biggest length, while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25--35 d. In this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene （psl1） located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nipponbare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped between two STS markers, STS2-19 and STS2-26, with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM, respectively, while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus, the region being delimited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

幼虫的起源

长期以来，幼虫和成虫是由同一基因物种进化而来这一假设与许多生物学现象有着难以调和的矛盾。本书的作者提出了一个大胆的猜想——决定幼虫形态的相关基因可能是由不同种类动物交互移植而来，并通过举例论证了这一幼虫基因移植论的可行性。     

压电生物传感器的研究进展

压电生物传感器是一种将高灵敏的压电传感器与特异的生物反应结合在一起的新型生物分析方法,这一方法不需要任何标记,且仪器构造简单、操作方便,引起人们的兴趣,并已成为当前生物传感器领域中的一个研究热点。本文就压电生物传感器在气体、微生物、病毒、蛋白质及基因检测等方面的研究应用作一评述。     

利用病例-父母设计的候选疾病易感基因的LOD值排除分析

已有的一种LOD值排除方法,可在随机群体样本中反过来检测引起复杂疾病和数量特征的候选基因的重要性.LOD值排除方法是常规关联分析的有效补充.虽然与传统的关联分析相比,方法更加保守,但是仍然受到群体分层的影响.为了控制群体异质性所带来的混杂影响,文中通过病例-父母设计,发展了一种LOD值排除分析方法.这种方法与连锁分析中的排除分析是相似的.观测到的核心家系数据的似然函数可以构建多项分布式:L=n!/Ⅱi,j nij! Ⅱi,j(pij)nij.其中nij是父母配对类型为i而受累子代的基因型为j的家庭个数,pij为有一个受累子代的核心家庭中父母配对类型是i而受累子代的基因型为j的核心家庭的条件概率.这个似然值是基因频率和被检测遗传标记的相对风险的函数.在这种方法中,能够分析候选基因的特定遗传效应和遗传模型.如果LOD值≤-2.0,检测位点没有含有比特定位点更大的效应而被排除.我们进行了模拟研究来检测排除分析中遗传效应和遗传模型的功效.模拟表明,这种方法有一定的合理功效来排除一个具很小遗传效应的候选基因.与核心家系中传递不平衡检验(TDT)关联分析相似的是,该排除分析一般不受群体混层的影响.排除分析可以作为排除不含有或者含很小遗传效应的候选基因的TDT分析方法的补充.这种方法已经被用来检测维生素D受体对骨质疏松症的重要性.     

黄脸油葫芦中枢神经系统的组织解剖学研究

应用解剖镜和光镜观察了黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi and Matsuura))中枢神经系统的组织解剖学结构，并对脑和各体神经节的组织学结构进行了比较．结果表明，黄脸油葫芦的中枢神经系统由脑、食道下神经节和腹神经索组成；前、中、后脑分化明显，腹神经索包括三对胸神经节、五对腹神经节及纵贯各神经节的神经索；脑和各体神经节的组织学结构相似，由外向内依次是神经鞘、神经细胞层和髓质层；脑的髓质层复杂，其中含有四种由神经细胞球体和神经纤维束形成的脑体，一对蕈状体、一个脑桥体、一个中央体及一对脑腹体。     

哺乳动物的基因组印记与印记基因疾病

本文综述了哺乳动物的基因组“印记’’的最新研究进展，阐述了印记性状的特点及基因组印记的可能机制。并论述了最新发现的一些哺乳动物与基因组“印记”有关的疾病。     

中华假磷虾线粒体DNA CO I基因片段序列分析

采用苯酚-氯仿提取、异丙醇沉淀提取中华假磷虾基因组DNA；以相应引物经PCR扩增得到线粒体DNA CO I片段PCR产物采用化学法与载体(pGEM-T Easy Vector)重组基因、热休克法转化重组质粒至感受态大肠杆菌(JM109)、氨苄LB培养基扩大培养；测序．结果表明，中华假磷虾线粒体CO I碱基709bp。其碱基组成A、T、G、C含量分别为28．59％、35．35％、17．61％和18．45％(国际基因库索引号AY754819)；与同科内其它3属10种磷虾的mt CO I基因片段核苷酸组成相似．     

牦牛肥胖基因和肿瘤坏死因子α基因的序列分析

肥胖基因(ob gene)是近年来刚被克隆的新基因，该基因的表达产物瘦蛋白(Leptin)具有调节体重、影响动物生长和繁殖率等一系列生物学功能．肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α，TNF-α)是一种主要由活化单核巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞产生的多效性细胞因子，时TNF-α基因的基础及应用研究已成为近年来动物抗病育种的研究热点之一，本文克隆及测序分析了牦牛上述两个基因的部分片段。结果表明：ob基因大小为1773bp，TNF-α基因为1160bp，通过genebank中的blastn比较分析牦牛ob基因和TNF—α基因与普通牛种的相应基因同源性都高达98％。