华南奥陶-志留纪之交的碳酸盐岩对古气候的诠释

华南板块晚奥陶世到早志留世冰川事件前后所记录的碳酸盐岩,其地理分布和成因依时而变.文中所讨论的5个时间片段实例包括:晚奥陶世凯迪晚期(全球暖期)华夏古陆北缘浙赣台地上的珊瑚—层孔海绵—菌藻类礁组合;凯迪末期(冰川初期)扬子地台西缘川西汉源康滇古陆边缘的隐藻—钙藻灰泥丘;奥陶纪末赫南特期(主冰期)广布于上扬子区的观音桥层灰岩分远岸冷水型和近岸局部暖水型;志留纪初鲁丹早期(冰川消融)灰岩在黔中古陆边缘首现,之后鲁丹晚期向生物层复苏.这些例证显现出华南近岸区的碳酸盐岩建造特征对奥陶-志留纪之交主冰期前和主冰期后全球暖期的响应更加明显.在主冰期,古陆对来自高纬度地区凉水团具阻障作用,暖/凉水型碳酸盐岩生产力和沉积相分异显著,海水降温主要发生于远岸区,而滇黔桂古陆的近岸区仍然局部地维持着暖水沉积;主冰期后的海进也许是快速的,但要回暖到适宜造礁的程度则是缓慢的.     

黔中地区几个地质问题的我见

广大地质工作者对黔中地区的古地理、古构造等问题存在着不同的看法。本文就下列问题发表个人浅见。1 早、中寒武世黔中无隆起用等时面所作早、中寒武世各期(时)等厚图和相图来看,牛蹄塘期(相等于梅树村、筇竹寺期)贵州位于上扬子海的陆棚区,水体向东变深,黔中一带厚达400多 m,较周围同期地层厚。明心寺及金顶山期(相当沧浪舖期)黔中台地特征明显,厚度较均     

Shell concentrations of Early Silurian virsianid brachiopods in northern Guizhou： Temporal and spatial distribution and tempestite formation

Shell beds in the uppermost Xiangshuyuan Formation and its coeval Upper Shihniulan Formation （Lower Silurian）, northern Guizhou, SW China, are interpreted as tempestites occurring on the Upper Yangtze Platform. The shells are dominated by two endemic and transient virgianid （brachiopod） taxa, Paraconchidium shiqianensis and Virgianella glabera, which vary in relative abundance and deposited as fragments of valves with cemented micrite that differs from the surrounding sediment, demonstrating that the shells were not originally preserved in growth positions. The thicknesses of individual shell layers vary from ten centimeters to more than four meters. Shells had been strongly stirred up by high-energy currents, mainly caused by ocean storm events and probably related to the profile of the geographic shape of the coastline. Fragmentation of shells, in particular, their thinning anterior parts of ventral and dorsal valves are more intensive. The benthic assemblages are from lower BA2 to upper BA3 in depth, assigned to near shoal belt in geographic background. Breakage and stacking density are of the indexes of proximal and distal transportations. Northern Guizhou was located within the lower latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the Silurian time, and obviously affected the depth of the virgianid inhabitation. Most of these shells were disturbed repeatedly by surges. It is inferred that on average, several ten thousand years of growth of shells were required for development of shell layers, followed by storm disruption.     

北祁连山西段志留纪高硅埃达克岩:洋壳减压熔融的证据

北祁连山西段熬油沟地区奥长花岗岩具有与高硅埃达克岩相似的地球化学特征:高SiO2,富Na2O(高Na/K),高Sr/Y,高(La/Yb)N,Sr正异常,相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土(LREE),亏损Nb,Ta和Ti.锆石SHRIMP定年结果为438±3Ma,表明其形成与北祁连古洋壳的俯冲有关,但其形成时间明显晚于北祁连山榴辉岩的变质时间(460～490Ma).Sr-Nd同位素结果显示其ISr和εNd(t)值分别为0.7044～0.7047和+3.0～+4.1,暗示其来源于新生的洋壳物质.结合北祁连造山带的构造演化背景,熬油沟奥长花岗岩可能是俯冲板片变质成榴辉岩后,在折返过程中发生近等温或升温减压熔融,在大约60km深度熔融形成.