Response of downstream sediment to water resource development in mainstream of the Lancang River

The impact of hydropower cascades of the Lancang River on downstream sedimentation has become one of the key problems in the research of the transboundary water resource development and its possible environmental effects. In this paper, the newest sediment data series spanning 17 years （1987-2003） at Yunjinghong hydrometric station and Chiang Saen hydrometric station, in northern Thailand, are analyzed to reveal these effects. Monthly mean sediment concentration data of the two stations are compared in-phase and yearly series are analyzed by the method of correlation and regression analysis and causality test. The analysis result shows that, though both of them are located at lower reaches of Manwan and Dachaoshan hydropower stations which are already constructed and in use, the sediment responses of the two stations are different under the regulation of the hydropower stations Annual series at Yunjinghong station are positively correlated but do not match well with those at Chiang Saen station. In addition, the results of Granger causality test on the time series also suggest that the series of maximum monthly mean sediment concentration of the Yunjinghong station each year may give cause for the ones of Chiang Saen station, while the series of minimum monthly mean sediment concentration each year and annual mean sediment concentration of Yunjinghong do not evidently give cause for the ones of the other station. Undoubtedly, this discovery will provide new evidences to assess the impacts of cascades construction in mainstream of the Lancang River on the variation of downstream sediment and its transboundary effects.     

Variability of surface circulation in the South China Sea from satellite altimeter data

11-year satellite altimeter sea surface height （SSH） anomaly data from January 1993 to December 2003 are used to present the dominant spatial patterns and temporal variations of the South China Sea （SCS） surface circulation through Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis. The first three EOF modes show the obvious seasonal variations of SSH in the SCS. EOF mode one is generally characterized by a basin-wide circulation. Mode two describes the double-cell basin scale circulation structure. The two cells were located off west of the Luzon Island and southeast of Vietnam, respectively. EOF mode three presents the mesoscale eddy structure in the western SCS, which develops into a strong cyclonic eddy rapidly from July to September. EOF mode one and mode three are also embedded with interannual signals, indicating that the SCS surface circulation variation is influenced by El Nino events prominently. The strong El Nino of 1997/98 obviously changed the SCS circulation structure. This study also shows that there existed a series of mesoscale eddies in the western SCS, and their temporal variation indicates intra-seasonal and interannual signals.     

基于改进遗传算法的前向神经网络

针对遗传算法的主要算子———交叉算子 ,设计了新的交叉算子 ,使个体尽可能地分散在整个解空间 .在具体交叉操作中 ,产生随机个体参与交叉以更好地搜索新的解空间 .并提出了组合变异策略 ,假如对变异后个体隔代保护策略 ,构造了一个有效的改进遗传算法 .利用该改进遗传算法 ,构造了前向进化神经网络 .它综合了改进遗传算法优良的全局寻优性能和前向神经网络的非线性映射能力 .     

污染:改变了老鼠的DNA

科学家通过对老鼠进行的实验发现,源于工厂或公路上的烟尘可以让老鼠基因受到破坏并遗传给后代。尽管目前还不清楚因污染受到破坏的DNA是否有损健康,但随着科学家对与哮喘、心脏病及其他健     

土壤有机质空间变异特征研究

以面积4．7hm^2的农田为研究区，采用网格法选取了92个观测点取样，测定0～15cm耕层土壤的有机质含量。结果表明，土壤有机质表现为强烈的空间自相关，有机质的空间变异性主要由结构性因素引起，其变异函数符合指数模型。     

中国近海8种石首鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因序列变异及其分子系统进化

通过PCR扩增出中国近海石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)6属8个代表种的线粒体16S rRNA基因,纯化后直接测序.利用多个生物软件对序列变异和碱基组成进行分析,计算Kimura 2-parameter遗传距离、平均核苷酸变异数、平均每位点核苷酸替代数等遗传信息指数,并结合GenBank上大斑石鲈(Pomadasys maculates)同源序列构建UPGMA,NJ,ME和MP系统树.结果表明,叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)为最早分化的一枝,其次为黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)和白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus),而黄鱼亚科(包括大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、黑鳃梅童鱼(Collichthys niveatus)和鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy))分化最晚,这支持了形态学得出的结论.在分子水平上明确了叫姑鱼亚科和黄鱼亚科的系统进化地位,并得出黄姑鱼比白姑鱼更早分化的新推论,但对于形态学上将白姑鱼和黄姑鱼归属于同一个亚科的结论还有待使用多个不同进化速率的基因加以分析考证.为探讨中国石首鱼类分子系统进化做了尝试,并就线粒体16S rRNA基因在该科鱼类系统进化研究的应用潜力进行了剖析.     

求解度约束最小生成树的单亲遗传算法

提出了求解度约束最小生成树问题的单亲遗传算法.该算法首先利用Prufer数对生成树进行编码;然后精心地设计了一个随机地产生初始种群的方法,用这种方法产生的初始种群,不会含有任何不可行解;在遗传操作中只使用选择和变异操作,共设计了三种变异操作,其中两种变异操作均不会产生不可行解,只有一种变异操作可能会产生不可行解,需要作树的度的检查和修改;这样就大大的降低了不可行解产生的机会,从而提高了遗传算法的效率;而且只使用变异算子,有效的避免了早熟收敛现象的产生;通过大量的数值试验,表明该算法简单,高效,收敛率高;最后对此算法做了适当推广,并给出了它求解TSP问题的具体步骤和实例。     

改进PSO 算法在振荡式注汽速度优化中的应用

针对蒸汽驱恒定式注汽速度驱油效果差的现状,提出了一种基于改进PSO( Particle Swarm Optimization) 算法的蒸汽驱振荡式注汽速度优化方法。该方法建立了蒸汽驱注汽速度数学模型,采用改进粒子群优化算法对此模型进行求解并优化振荡式注汽速度,最后得到蒸汽驱振荡式注汽速度最优方案。改进粒子群优化算法引入混沌优化算子产生初始解,依据各粒子适应值的距离,完成对各个粒子的自适应变异,同时引入极值扰动算子对个体历史最优值和全局最优值实施随机扰动,加快了收敛速度,提高了种群的可进化能力。实验结果表明: 所建立模型准确,优化算法有效。通过此方法可指导蒸汽驱注采方案合理编制,指导蒸汽驱高效运行。     

江苏省文化生产力水平测度及综合评价--基于环渤海、长三角地区的比较研究

本文从省的角度来研究文化生产力，通过构建文化生产力水平测度综合评价指标体系，运用AHP层次决策方法和变异系数法，将江苏省与环渤海、长三角地区的省市进行比较，结果表明江苏省文化投入产出具有正效益，增加文化投入，其产出必将成倍增，但是其文化生产力总体水平与北京、上海和浙江相比差距较大，处于中等水平，笔者根据实证研究结果，针对性地提出了对策建议以提高文化对本省经济社会的贡献率。     

和而不同:英语中的中国因素

中国从19世纪初到现在接触和使用英语已有近两百年的历史,由于中西文化的相互影响和渗透,许多汉语的词汇逐渐进入英语,成为英语的一部分。中国英语以英国英语为核心,但有着鲜明的中国特色。本文拟从语言变异:中国因素的融入根源、顺应理论:验证中国因素的表现特色、英语全球化、本土化:引导中国因素的发展趋势三个方面阐释英语中的中国因素。