晚新生代塔里木盆地中西部地区磁性地层与环境演化

报道了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔格山剖面的磁性地层和古环境记录的研究结果.结果表明:塔里木海湾消亡、副特提斯海最终退出塔里木盆地发生在4.2 Ma以前;3.4 Ma塔里木盆地首次出现大型流动沙丘,塔克拉玛干沙漠开始形成;2.6 Ma塔里木盆地干旱化程度进一步加剧,沙漠的规模进一步扩大,形成了当今极度干旱的大型沙漠环境.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区暖季气温、降水的变化特征及其响应分析

气温和降水是最重要的气候要素,与人们的生产、生活联系也最为紧密.通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区9个气象站34年逐月气温、降水资料分析研究,发现该地区暖季气温和降水有明显的上升趋势.暖季气温增加了约0.30℃,暖季对年气温变化的影响不如冷季大.暖季降水量约增加了7.30mm,暖季降水暖季降水量占全年降水量的82.96%,决定了年降水变化趋势.暖季气温对降水存在明显的逆动响应关系.     

站在喀什看新疆

<正>在目前刚刚兴起的新一轮"新疆热"中,南疆重镇喀什无疑是人们眼中的焦点,"喀什经济特区"的说法吸引了人们的注意。"不进天山,不知新疆如此人强马壮;不走南疆,不知新疆如此天高地广;不到喀什,不知新疆如此源远流长……"几十年前,著名诗人郭小川游历喀什后,写下了《喀什一条街》的诗篇。喀什,全称喀什噶尔,东临塔克拉玛干沙漠,西枕帕米尔高原,南依     

新疆生地所开展塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘考察

[新疆生态与地理研究所]6月16日至22日,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所夏训诚研究员及河北师范大学赵元杰教授一行8人在国家自然科学基金项目"基于红柳沙包信息重建数百年来塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘高分辨率气候变化序列"的支持下,赴新疆南部民丰县、和田县地区考察。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠西北边缘植被特征与生态保护策略

塔克拉玛千沙漠西北地区属于暖温带干旱荒漠气候，植物区系包括中亚成分、古地中海成分等，分布着荒漠生态系统、自然绿洲生态系统和自然水域生态系统，在过境河流两岸分布着草垫带—森林带—固定沙包带—流沙带，植被类型有草甸植被、森林植被、灌木植被、沙生植被和盐生植被。水分状况是导致区域植被变化的主要因素，人类活动也在影响植物群落演替变迁。本通过实地调查．分析了区域生态系统、植被群落类型及其结构特征和植被动态演替，分析了各种植被类型的生态与生产功能。并对合理利用水资源、保护绿洲、荒漠过渡带值被、优化荒漠边缘带生态系统、促进绿洲可持续发展提出对策建议。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠夏季近地面层湍流特征与热量和动量输送差异及成因研究

利用2016年7月新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站近地面层大气湍流实验观测资料,采用涡动相关、象限分析和频谱分析等方法,研究塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地强热力作用下近地面层湍流特征,对比分析热量输送与动量输送的差异,探讨输送差异的成因和物理机制。研究结果表明,近中性层结条件下,塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地面层湍流运动对热量和动量的输送作用类似;随着大气不稳定度增加,热量与动量的输送差异增大。在强热力条件下,湍流运动对热量的输送效率较高,但对动量的输送存在较大的随机性。输送差异形成的原因与湍流相干结构密切相关,在不稳定层结条件下,湍流相干结构以热羽为主,能够引起位温和垂直速度的同相位变化,但较难引起水平速度的相应变化。湍流运动的动力和热力响应物理机制不同,是热量与动量的输送差异及其随大气不稳定度增强而增大的主要原因。     

Topographical changes of ground surface affected by the Tarim Desert Highway

The Tarim Desert Highway is the longest highway crossing the mobile desert in the world. The highway and its sand protection system were established in 1995. This great project must have significant effect on the aeolian environment in its neighborhoods. In 2004, we investigated the topographic changes of ground surface within the sand protection system and its external adjacent area in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. The results showed that （i） the original topographic patterns of ground surface were greatly changed, and erosion as well as deposition was distributed clearly on the ground surface, affected by the road and its sand protection system; （ii） sediment deposited in the sand protection system gradually heightened the ground surface, but each part in the system changed differently： in the sand-blocking belt, a transverse sand ridge was formed in the same direction as the upright sand barrier; in the sand-binding belt, sediment was aggraded on the original surface in a certain thickness; at the initial stages since the establishment of the sand protection system, erosion had taken place in the un-stabilized area named by the deposition belt between the sand-blocking belt and the sand-binding belt, the inner of sand-binding belt, the windward slope of dunes in the sand-binding belt, and the neighboring leeward area of the sand protection system.     

Ecological stability of Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt

The Tadm Desert Highway shelterbelt, located in hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, is irrigated by underground saline water, with three to thirty gram per litter mineral degrees. The sustainability and stability are affected by multifarious stress. The structural and functional characteristics of shelterbelt are studied to probe into correlation between environment and shelterbelt. On basis, decision analysis is applied to study ecological stability of the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt, to screen out limited factors, to establish general index system, and to evaluate the stability of the shelterbelt nowadays. Finally, the concept of ecological stability is utilized to manage the artificial ecosystem. The results show that the artificial ecosystem is relatively flimsy, whose stability can be increased by adjusting stand structure and improving the nutrient cycle.     

4株沙漠土壤衣藻的分离培养及形态和分子鉴定

从古尔班通古特沙漠和塔克拉玛干沙漠采集沙样,先进行混合培养,混培藻液采用96孔板有限稀释法和平板法,分离到4株微藻(GTD2A,GTD4C,TLD7A-2,3a-5),采用传统形态鉴定方法及18SrDNA片段克隆分别对筛选的4株微藻进行鉴定,并进行系统发育分析。结果表明:通过形态学特征将4株藻初步鉴定为绿藻门、绿藻纲、团藻目、衣藻科。采用分子生物学方法克隆的18SrDNA片段进行复核的结果表明GTD2A2与GenBank数据库中的Chlamydomonas debaryana(FR865608.1)同源性达到了99.92%,说明已经鉴定至种。GTD3a-5、GTD4C、TLD7a-2与GenBank数据库中Chlamydomonas baca(FR865613.1)、C.reinhardtii和Chlamydomonas sp.(FR865563.1)3个藻种的同源性分别达到了98.10%、98.69%和97.65%。研究确定了4株沙漠衣藻的分类地位及其同其它衣藻种的亲源关系,为以后的研究沙漠藻的分子生物学和生理学研究奠定了基础。