Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

大学基础数学教学中高层次人才的培养

论述了在大学基础数学对高层次人才培养的要求,高层次班的教学内容,教学方法,并进行了高层次班教学内容与教学质量的分析。     

常用低指数晶面标准极射图绘制及应用

在详细阐述晶面(晶向)标准极射赤面投影原理及其完整投影图绘制过程的基础上，绘制了立方晶系常用的低指数晶面(晶向)标准极射赤面投影示图；应用“滑移三角块”扼要阐释了滑移系确定与优先滑移、复滑移、双滑移及晶体在滑移过程中的转动行为．     

纳米--物质世界的新大陆

在物质世界的微观和宏观两个领域内，人类在小步地前进着；而在介于它们之间的1—100纳米的世界里，20年前科学家们发现了深藏其中的一些物理和化学上的奇异现象，比如物体的强度、韧性、比热、导电率、扩散率、磁化率等完全不同于我们现有的常识。由这些全新的发现可能导致的全新理论的问世将会给人类带来怎样的影响，会成为一场持续多久的革命呢?请看中国科学院纳米科技项目首席科学家白春礼院士的报告。     

中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院加快科技成果转移促进高新技术成果产业化

中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院(以下简称合肥研究院)是由原安徽光学精密机械研究所、等离子体物理研究所、固体物理所及合肥分院等4个法人单位于2001年整合而成,是中国科学院重要的科教基地之一.     

某厂房预制桩单桩承力的综合分析

在桩基础设计中，单桩承载力的取值是一个非常重要的参数，其取值准确与否直接关系到建筑物的安全及基础工程的投资，在分析工程地质勘察资料的基础上，充分利用单桩静载试验结果，在单桩静载试验的基础上，通过对冰水沉积的砂卵石层做为桩端持力层的实例，分析计算了某连铸厂房柱基础的单桩承载力，建立了估算桩顶沉降量的经验公式，提出了比较可靠、经济的桩基础设计方案。     

某砌体结构工程质量事故原因分析

通过对某砌体结构工程质量事故调查 ,从勘察设计、施工质量及建筑构造处理等角度 ,综合分析了工程质量事故原因 ,提出了避免类似事故的具体措施。指出工程质量事故发生往往是多种因素综合影响的结果。所以要做好工程设计、施工等各关键环节的系统控制 ,以保证工程质量。     

"培养"出来的肉

如果有一天,当你正在餐馆里津津有味地品尝牛排的时候,有人突然告诉你这块肉是科学家在实验室里“种”出来的,你会有何感想? 在不久的将来,科学家利用高科技“培养”出的肉会同天然肉一样美味、富有营养。目前,一些细胞工程学家正在进行有关人造肉的研究。该项研究的最初目的是为那些进行长期星际旅行——如火星探索的宇航员们提供食用肉的来源,但专家指出,一旦研究获得成功,它也会让普通消费者受益。     

长江干堤建筑物防渗要点

结合实例，介绍位于长江干堤的水工建筑物(如码头、栈桥等)的防渗措施，重点介绍有关穿堤管道防渗、沉井防渗、基础防渗的要点．