享誉国际的神经生理学家——张香桐

中国科学院神经科学研究所名誉所长张香桐院士，是我国对神经生理贡献最大，最负国际盛誉的神经生理学家之一。他是神经元树突生理功能研究的先驱者，在机体各部位的肌肉在猴运动皮层的定位研究、肌肉传入神经纤维分类、视觉研究、针刺镇痛神经机制的研究等方面有重要建树，对我国神经科学的发展起到了重要的推动作用。美国1989年出版的《神经科学百科全书》中，张香桐被列为“公元前300年至公元1950年间对神经科学进展有贡献的人物”之一。     

基于模糊推理的人工鱼嗅觉感知研究

“人工鱼”利用人工生命方法实现计算机动画。为了丰富人工鱼的感知能力，提高对自然鱼的逼真动画效果，文章在分析“自然鱼”嗅觉机制、参考“机器鱼”感知系统的基础上，研究并实现了人工鱼的虚拟嗅觉感知．首先在人工鱼体系结构基础上建立了人工鱼嗅觉感知模型，并仿照生物嗅觉形成机理设计了三层嗅觉识别模型，采用基于主成分分析的模糊推理方法实现了嗅觉感知．经动画仿真，得到满意结果。嗅觉感知的研究和实现为人工鱼多感知融合系统提供了基础，也可为机器鱼嗅觉研究提供软件仿真平台。     

Neural correlates of short-term perceptual learning in orientation discrimination indexed by event-related potentials

The current work investigated the neural correlates of visual perceptual learning in grating orientation discrimination by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from human adults. Subjects were trained with a discrimination task of grating orientation in three consecutive training sessions within 2 h. While reaction times (RTs) were shortened gradually across training sessions, the N1 was decreased and the P2 was increased over the parietal and occipital areas. A broadly distributed P3 was increased along with more practices. In addition, the time course of learning reflected in the P2 and P3 amplitudes was in line with the changes of reaction times and exhibited a stable level during later training. The impli- cations of these results to the neural mechanisms subserving perceptual learning were discussed.     

运动与巨噬细胞的研究进展

巨噬细胞(Mφ)是参与免疫应答的重要细胞。中、小强度的运动使巨噬细胞的吞噬能力增强,而大强度运动使巨噬细胞的吞噬能力下降;同时运动也使机体内一些神经递质、激素的分泌水平发生变化,而激素、神经递质的改变又影响神经内分泌系统对巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。     

国际环境下的项目政治风险评价模型

在分析国际环境下项目政治风险的基础上，根据最优化原理和Lagrangian算子性质，得到国际环境下项目政治风险识别和选择的最优性条件，提出基于反向传播（BP）神经算法的国际项目政治风险评价模型．通过对60个国际项目进行政治风险的识别、选择、评价和分析，仿真试验结果表明，该模型及算法效果良好，可以综合众多专家的知识，计算结果精度较高，能准确评价政治风险对项目成本的影响．     

Excitatory effect of histamine on neuronal activity of rat cerebellar fastigial nucleus Jn vitro

The cerebellar fastigial nucleus （FN） holds an important role in motor control and body balance. Previous studies have revealed that the nucleus is innervated by direct hypothalamocerebellar hletaminergic fibers. However, the functional role of histaminergic projection in cerebellar FN has never been established. In this study, we investigated the effect of histamine on neuronal firing of cerebellar FN by using slice preparations. Sixty-five FN cells were recorded from 47 cerebellar slices, and a vast majority of the cells responded to histamine stimulation with an excitatory response （58/65, 89.2%）. Perfusing slices with low-Ca^2＋/high-Mg^2＋ medium did not block the histamine-induced excitation （n=10）, supporting a direct postsynaptic action of histamine on the cells. Furthermore, the excitatory effect of histamine on FN neurons was not blocked by selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine （n=15） or chlorpheniramine （n=10）, but was effectively suppressed by ranitidine （n=15）, a highly selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, highly selective histamine H2 receptor agonist dimaprit （n=20） instead of histamine HI receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine （n=16） mimicked the excitatory effect of histamine on FN neurons. The dimaprit-induced FN neuronal excitation was effectively antagonized by selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine （n=13） but not influenced by selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist triprolidine （n=15）. These results demonstrate that histamine excites cerebellar FN cells via the histamine H2 receptor mechanism and suggest that the hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers may modulate cerebellar FN-mediated sensorimotor integration through their excitatory innervations on FN neurons.     

硬膜外加臂丛神经阻滞麻醉在拇指再造术中的应用

应用硬膜外加臂丛神经阻滞用于拇指再造术，操作简单，并发症少，麻醉效果满意，值得临床推广。     

基于行为特征的机器人变步长气味源搜索算法

面向在地面搜索地下气味源的任务,针对传统六边形路径算法步长固定且无法对气味源定位的不足,提出移动机器人依靠气体传感器的基于自身行为特征的变步长气味源搜索算法.机器人根据其自身在搜索过程中所表现出的行走特征,采用行为控制模型,选择与具有不同特征的行为相匹配的步长调整策略.步长调整策略包括:根据实测所得即时气味浓度变化率的动态步长改变策略、根据徘徊程度确定的动态步长缩短策略、固定步长策略.非均匀土壤且实际扩散情况下的计算机仿真证实,改进算法具有气味发现、气味跟踪和气味源定位三种功能.     

奇特大脑神经路线

科学家们长久以来一直无法获取人类大脑内神经通路的详细图像,认为大脑的神经线路连接杂乱无章。部分原因在于大脑皮层存在很多褶绉、隐窝和缝隙,这些使神经连接的结构模糊不清。     

一种新型神经网络控制器的研究

提出了一种新型神经网络控制器,其控制机理与PID控制相类似,但解决了常规PID控制存在的快速性与超调量的矛盾.给出了该神经网络控制器的自适应学习算法,分析讨论了控制系统的稳定性.仿真实验表明,这种新型神经网络控制器构成的自适应控制系统具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性.