改性粉煤灰处理阴离子表面活性剂废水

利用改性粉煤灰的吸附混凝作用,研究了从含阴离子表面活性剂LAS的模拟废水中去除LAS的一般规律·结果表明,以CaO为改性剂的粉煤灰对LAS废水具有良好的吸附性能,其吸附性能在实验浓度范围内符合Langmuir吸附规律·在含LAS为20～120mg/L的模拟废水中,改性粉煤灰的最佳用量为20～25g每200mL废水,吸附时间为40min,粉煤灰粒径为74～83μm,pH为9～13的实验条件下,LAS的去除率最高可达98%以上·     

水玻璃固化黏土矿物的试验研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X线衍射(XRD)和X线光电子能谱(XPS),对常温下不同密度水玻璃固化的蒙脱石、伊利石和高岭石试样进行测试与分析.结果表明:黏土矿物由固化前的粒状、片状结构转变为固化后的团块状的网状结构.黏土矿物固化样中出现明显的非晶态弥散峰群,未出现新的晶体;固化样衍射强度变小、晶层间距变小、颗粒变得更细小,结晶构造有序性变差,但晶体主体依然是黏土矿物的晶体.固化样中,仅1.15 g/cm3水玻璃固化的蒙脱石样的Ca-2p电子结合能减少了0.624 6 eV,其余元素的相应值未变化.水玻璃固化黏土矿物的机理是:硅酸盐离子和硅酸胶粒在黏土矿物表面如蒙脱石的晶层平面与端面存在复杂的吸附作用,形成了团粒,具有很大表面能的团粒进一步失水缩聚,形成非晶质硅酸盐凝胶和晶质黏土矿物共存的网状结构产物,限制了黏土矿物的活性,固化了黏土矿物.     

Modification of free-energy density functional theory approach for prediction of high-pressure mixture adsorption

A modified non-local free energy density functional theory （NDFT） model, with the consideration of the nonadditivity term of solid-fluid and fluid-fluid interactions and finite pore wall thickness （≈2 layers）, was developed to model the confined fluid mixtures in slit pore. This improved NDFT approach, combining with the pore size distribution （PSD） analysis of adsorbent material can be applied to predicting the adsorption equilibria of high-pressure gas mixtures on activated carbon. Compared with the conventional NDFT method, this new approach partly improves the correlation performance of adsorption equilibrium for pure species and increases the reliability of the PSD analysis. For the mixtures, CH4/N2 and CO2/N2, a relatively improved performance has been observed for the adsorption equilibrium prediction of the mixtures under high-pressure conditions, especially for the weakly adsorbed species.     

Tannins from Canarium album with potent antioxidant activity

The contents of total phenolics and extractable condensed tannins in the leaves, twigs and stem bark of Canarium album were determined. The structural heterogeneity of condensed tannins from stem bark was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF MS） and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） analyses The results show the predominance of signals representative of procyanidins and prodelphinidins. In addition, epicatechin and epigallocatechin polymers with galloylated procyanidin or prodelphinidin were also observed. The tannins were screened for their potential antioxidant activities using l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） model systems. Tannins extracted from leaves, twigs and stem bark all showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power.     

Characterization of Cu（Ⅱ） Ion Adsorption Behavior of the Polyacrylic Acid-Polyvinylidene Fluoride Blended Polymer

A blended polymer adsorbent prepared using acrylic acid and polyvinylidene fluoride was used to remove copper from aqueous solutions. The polymer was prepared using thermally induced polymerization and phase inversion. The blended polymer was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD）, environ- mental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and N2 adsorption/desorption experiments. The sorption data was fit to linearized adsorption isotherms of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich （D-R） isotherms models. The batch sorption kinetics was evaluated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic reaction models. △H0 is greater than 0, AGo is lower than 0, and △S0 is greater than 0, which shows that the adsorption of Cu （Ⅱ） by the blended polymer is a spontaneous, endothermic process. The adsorption isotherm fits better to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model gives a better fit to the batch sorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanism is assumed to be ion exchange between the cupric ion and the carboxylic acid functional group of the blended polymer.     

对咪唑与Ag（Ⅲ）表面相互作用的理论探讨

用量子化学半经验CNDO方法研究了咪唑与Ag(III）表面的相互作用，咪唑与银表面吸附的最终结果应为表面单分子层而不是表面配位聚合物，最后得出咪唑在Ag(III)表面上发生的主要是桥式吸附。     

盐酸溶液中复合型缓蚀剂对铁腐蚀作用的研究

通过失重法即测量金属试样浸入腐蚀介质一定时间后的质量变化来确定其腐蚀速率，从而研究了盐酸体系中此复合型缓蚀剂对铁的缓蚀性能，并讨论了用量、温度、时间对缓蚀性能的影响．结果表明，该复合型缓蚀剂在10％盐酸腐蚀环境中对铁具有较好的缓蚀作用．     

燃煤飞灰中碳对多环芳烃吸附作用的研究

分别采集燃用褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤电厂排放的飞灰,研究了飞灰中碳对多环芳烃的吸附作用.研究表明:飞灰中碳含量与多环芳烃吸附量之间具有极强的正相关性;飞灰中多孔碳与空心碳的形态结构有利于多环芳烃的吸附.研究旨在为多环芳烃的污染防治提供必要的依据.     

极谱法研究内蒙古地区天然水中有机配体和胶体与铅相互作用特性

对超滤后的黄河、达赖湖、乌梁素海水样进行阳极溶出伏安法测定，在天然ｐＨ值下，铅表观络合容量为达赖湖最大，其余相近。发现小于０．４５μｍ滤膜孔径的胶粒对铅有吸附作用。