中国东部温泉水和井水的氢氧同位素初步研究

对安徽、山东、辽宁的几处温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素进行了对比研究,发现温泉水的氧和氢同位素值都低于井水的氧和氢同位素值。温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素值都落在大气降水线附近,与Craig所作的大气降水线较为吻合。这一结果说明该地区温泉水和井水的补给源都来自大气降水。温泉水的δ~(18)O值变化范围很小,说明δ~(18)O值可能受该地区地质构造控制。温泉水和井水氧和氢同位素值具有明显的纬度效应,它们的氧和氢同位素值随纬度的增大而增加。     

《武成》历日解析

全面分析月相术语、《武成》历日和武王伐纣年代的关系。以生霸望－死霸朔、生霸上弦－死霸下弦和生霸月初－死霸望后三种月相说为例,分析了《武成》月相历日。加以岁在鸠火、日在析木的条件,得到克商的首选日期分别在公元前１０７０年、公元前１０７１年和公元前１０４６年。文章得到的一系列中间结果可供历史学家在综合各方面信息时作参考。     

古人点燃全球升温之火

早在工厂及世界化石燃料市场出现之前很久,人类就已经开始向大气排放二氧化碳。这个新结论是以冻结在南极冰块中的远古空气样本作为基础而得出的。在有两千年历史的冰芯中,气泡中竟奇迹般地含有高浓度的二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体。其中,大量甲烷中所含有的碳同位素,跟木头、     

稳定同位素在陆地生态系统动－植物相互关系研究中的应用

稳定同位素(stable isotope)作为一种天然的示踪物,已广泛应用于植物生理学、生态学和环境科学研究中。近年来,动物生态学家也开始将稳定同位素技术应用于动-植物相互关系研究中。动物同位素组成总是与其生活环境中植物同位素组成相一致,而且还反映了一段时间内(几小时到几年甚至更长时间)动物所采食的所有食物同位素组成的综合特征;当动物栖息环境发生变化或动物迁移到一个新的生境中,动物组织同位素组成又会向新环境的同位素特征转变。这样,动物组织同位素组成能真实地反映一段时期内动物的食物来源、栖息环境、分布格局及其迁移活动等信息,是动物生存状况理想的指示者。而且,分析不同时间尺度上动物组织同位素组成还可以深入了解动物对环境变化的适应等过程。此外,动物吸收利用营养过程中存在的同位素分馏效应,为研究动物食物网和群落结构提供了理想工具。稳定同位素技术可以连续地测出食物网和群落中动物所处的营养级位置,从本质上揭示动物间捕食与被捕食关系及其在整个生态系统物质平衡和能量流动中的作用,从而使其成为动-植物相互关系研究中十分重要的、有效的研究工具。本文主要综述稳定同位素在动-植物相互关系研究方面的最新进展,评价其应用上的优缺点,并进一步提出未来研究方     

U-Pb同位素定年标准锆石的Hf同位素

利用配有193 nm激光的Neptune多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-MC-ICPMS), 采用新发表的Yb的同位素丰度和本研究中测定出的Yb和Hf之间的质量歧视关系, 在原位和扫描模式下, 对标准锆石91500进行了一系列的Hf同位素测定实验. 结果显示, 不同束斑直径和模式下获得的Hf同位素比值在误差范围内相同, 并与文献报道值一致. 因此, 无论是原位还是扫描模式, 均可在LA-MC-ICPMS仪器上获得可信的锆石Hf同位素组成; 同时也表明我们所采用的干扰元素的校正方法对于取得令人满意的Hf同位素测量准确度是合适的. 运用上述方法对目前微区U-Pb定年工作中常用的4种标准锆石进行系统测定发现, 91500, CZ3, CN92-1和TEMORA的¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf比值分别为0.282316±4(n = 34); 0.281704±6 (n = 16), 0.282200±6 (n = 20)和0.282684±14 (n = 24), 对应的¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf平均值分别在0.00031, 0.000036, 0.00083和0.00127左右. 研究发现, 相对CN92-1和TEMORA而言, CZ3和91500具有非常狭窄和稳定的Lu/Hf比值及Hf同位素变化范围, 是Hf同位素LA-MC-ICPMS测定的理想标准锆石.     

Genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age

Zircon U-Pb dating is the most commonly used method for isotopic geochronology. However, it has been a difficult issue when relating zircon U-Pb ages to metamorphic conditions in complex metamorphic rocks. Much progress has been made in the past decade with respect to the genesis of zircon and its constraints on interpretation of U-Pb age. Three methods have been proposed to link zircon U-Pb age to metamorphic conditions: ( i ) internal structure; ( ii ) trace element feature; (iii) mineral inclusion composition. Magmatic zircon shows typical oscillatory zoning and/or sector zoning, whereas metamorphic zircon has internal structures such as no zoned, weakly zoned, cloudy zoned, sector zoned, planar zoned, and patched zoned ones. Zircons formed in different geological environments generally have characteristic internal structures. Magmatic zircons from different rock types have variable trace element abundances, with a general trend of increasing trace element abundances in zircons from ultramafic through mafic to granitic rocks. Zircons formed under different metamorphic conditions have different trace element characteristics that can be used to relate their formation to metamorphic conditions. It is an effective way to relate zircon growth to certain P-T conditions by studying the trace element partitioning between coexisting metamorphic zircon and garnet in high-grade metamorphic rocks containing both zircon and garnet. Primary mineral inclusions in zircon can also provide unambiguous constraints on its formation conditions. Therefore, interpretation of zircon U-Pb ages can be constrained by its internal structure, trace element composition, mineral inclusion and so on.     

高丰度硅-28同位素的分离技术

同位素纯硅片具有特殊的物理性质,在信息技术领域有着非常广阔的应用前景。为获得高丰度28Si,利用国产的高速气体离心机,选择SiF4作为分离的工作介质,对硅同位素进行了离心分离实验。通过单机分离实验,调整气体离心机的有关参数,摸索出适合级联分离的单机参数,同时得到气体离心机分离硅同位素的单位质量数的全分离系数γ0。利用由4台离心机组成的级联,经过6个阶段的分离,得到了28Si丰度达到99.5%的样品。实验结果表明,离心法分离硅同位素是完全可行的。     

Hf isotope composition of zircons and implication for the petrogenesis of Yajiangqiao granite,Hunan Province,China

In the peralumineous granite of Yajiangqiao zircon population can be divided into two groups (i.e. Zircon Ⅰ and Zircon Ⅱ), which were formed in magmatic chamber and in emplacement place, respectively. The Hf isotope compositions of two stages of zircon show that the host magma was essentially derived from crustal material by melting. However, some higher 176Hf/177Hf ratios indicate that the granitic zircons should contain fine crystal of zircon formed in mantle-derived magma. In fact, the backscattered electron imaging and the electron microprobe analysis reveal that there is another type of zircon included within Zircon Ⅰ, which is quite different from Zircon Ⅰ and Zircon Ⅱ in morphology and chemistry. They are considered to be the product of the mantle-derived magma intruded into the granitic magma chamber at the beginning of anatexis. Thus,it is suggested that the formation of Yajiangqiao granite is related to the underplating of mantle magma.     

Geochronology of source materials from high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in Jurassic sedimentary rocks of Hefei Basin

Eclogite cobbles were discovered by Wang et al. (2001) in the Fenghuangtai Formation of the northern margin of Dabie Mountains in the Dushan area of Anhui Province, China[1]. They proposed that after the formation during the Triassic, the high-pressure (HP) and ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks reached the sur-face through exhumation and uplifting before the late Ju-rassic. However, they have not provided any evidence about isotopic ages. One kind of cobbles of HP-UHP rocks w…     

Grove Mountains （GRV）99027： A new Martian meteorite

We report the petrography, mineral chemistry and oxygen isotopic composition of GRV 99027, a new Martian meteorite recently collected during the 16th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. This meteorite consists of two textural regions. The interstitial region is characterized by the presence of plagioclase and phosphate, and higher FeO contents of olivine and orthopyroxene, in comparison with the poikilitic region. All of the observations are similar to the three known Martian lherzolites. We classify GRV 99027 as the fourth sample of Martian lherzolite.