广西泥盆系弗拉阶-法门阶之交分子地层研究

运用GC-MS分析仪对23件样品的检测结果显示:广西泥盆系弗拉阶-法门阶(F/F)之交分子化石主要由正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜类、甾类构成,其先体主要为海源浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖非光合作用的菌类和陆源高等植物,其中浮游植物和浮游动物是构成F/F事件期台盆碳酸盐相生物量的主体;n Pr /n Ph <1(Ph为植烷,Pr为姥鲛烷)或♂1、n ph /n C 18 值较高、C 16 ～C24 具有明显的偶碳优势表明,F/F之交广西为蒸发量、盐度和缺氧程度较高的海相碳酸盐环境.F/F之交生物集群绝灭是中泥盆世晚期以来环境不断恶化的结果,多次天体撞击对晚泥盆世不断恶化的生态系无异于雪上加霜;高温导致的高蒸发量、较高盐度和水柱底层缺氧是低纬度礁生态系、浅水海相生物集群绝灭的最直接杀手.     

微尺度条件下气液相变的若干问题浅析

基于气液相变基础理论,以沸腾过程为切入点,试图探讨微尺度条件下气液相变的一些本质性问题。按照相变过程的时间序列,分析活化分子聚集体的性质、微小尺度对活化分子聚集体的影响、槽道尺寸对气泡生长过程的影响等几个方面,在一定程度上揭示了微尺度与常规尺度条件下相变过程的联系与区别。     

"半个原子"矛盾的形成与解决

在近代化学史上曾经产生过“半个原子”的矛盾,它的形成与解决构成了近代化学发展的一条主线。透过近代化学发展的历史不难发现,道尔顿原子论是近代化学史上的一项划时代的成就,但是它存在着一个自身不能克服的内在矛盾,即道尔顿把化合物的“原子”称为“复杂原子”。道尔顿原子论之理论自身这一矛盾的外化,导致产生了“半个原子”的矛盾。为了解决“半个原子”的矛盾,阿佛加德罗在盖·吕萨克的实验基础上,进行了科学合理的推论,引入了分子概念,提出了分子假说,初步解决了“半个原子”的矛盾。在此基础上,坎尼扎罗完成了科学的“原子-分子”理论体系,最终完善地解决了“半个原子”的矛盾。这个过程再现了唯物辩证法的“扬弃观”、“内因论”和“外因论”的思想,依次具体体现为科学理论的曲折发展律、内在矛盾动力律和内在矛盾外化律。客观地考证分析“半个原子”矛盾的形成和解决的过程,并全面地总结科学理论的发展规律,对于深刻地理解科学的“原子-分子”理论,对于全面地理解唯物辩证法的基本规律,对于在中学化学教育全面培养学生的科学素质和人文素质等,具有重大的理论价值和巨大的现实意义。     

Molecular self-assembly behavior of mono[6-O-6-(4-carboxyl-phenyl)]-β-CD in solution and solid state

A novel modified cyclodextrin, mono[6-O-6-(4-carboxyl-phenyl)]-]-β-CD (1), has been synthesized by the reaction of mono[6-(p-toluenesulfonyl)]-β-CD with 4-hydroxybenzoate, and its molecular self-assembly behavior in both solution and solid state was studied by means of crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. The results indicate that the bezoic acid groups are successively penetrated intermolecularly into the adjacent β-CD cavities to form helical columnar supramolecules in the solid state. As compared with crystal, the similar self-assembly behavior of 1 in aqueous solution has also been confirmed by the ^1H ROESY spectroscopy. Thermodynamically, the formation of polymeric supramolecules by modified CD in aqueous solution is mainly driven by entropy changes.     

X－ray reflectivity investigation of the foam bilayer film formed by hexaethylene glycol dodecyl ether

When the thickness of soap foam film varies in adefinite region, color changes of a soap bubble will be observed due to the interference of light. Black soap films are the final stages of thinning of soap films due to the drainage of water in the absence of evaporation and are generally formed from solutions of an ionic surfactant in the presence of salt. After a bubble is formed, in the beginning the soap film is relatively thick and it appearswhite; then the film thins gradually and finally …     

NMR study on self-assembled cage complex of hexamethylenetetramine and cucurbit[n]urils

Self-assembled complexes between cage com-pounds cucurbit[n = 5—8]urils and hexamethylenetetramine were studied by using NMR techniques. Experimental results reveal that hexamethylenetetramine can lid cucurbit[5]uril to forming self-assembled capsules in which nothing is encap-sulated yet; the cavity of the cucurbit[7]uril can accommo-date a hexamethylenetetramine molecule to form a self- assembled host-guest inclusion. Moreover, both the cavity interaction of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl and the portal interaction of the dipole carbonyl of the cucurbit[7]uril with hexamethylenetetramine稨Cl lead to form self-assembled capsules in which the hexamethylene-tetramine稨Cl are encapsulated in the hexamethylenetetra-mine稨Cl lidded cucurbit[7]uril. Although the structures of the portal and cavity to cucurbit[5]uril are similar, there is no obvious interaction between decamethylcucurbit[5]uril and hexamethylenetetramine, and also between cucurbit [6]uril or cucurbit[8]uril and hexamethylenetetramine.     

同步辐射光电离研究甲烷-氢气-氧气低压层流预混火焰

利用同步辐射真空紫外单光子电离,结合分子束取样质谱技术,对掺氢比为0%,20%,40%,60%和80%的甲烷-氢气-氧气-氩气低压层流预混火焰进行了实验研究.通过测量光电离质谱和光电离效率谱曲线,探测了甲烷-氢气-氧气-氩气火焰的中间物,得到了不同掺氢比甲烷-氢气-氧气-氩气火焰的主要产物H2,CH4,CO,CO2,O2和H2O的摩尔分数分布曲线,以及火焰中间产物CH3(甲基),C2H2(乙炔),CH2O(甲醛),CH3OH(甲醇),C2H4(乙烯)和C2H2O(乙烯酮)的摩尔分数分布曲线,分析了掺氢对火焰主要产物和中间产物摩尔分数的影响.实验结果表明,甲烷掺氢燃烧可以降低燃烧产物中CO,CO2和CH4摩尔分数.掺氢后实验测得的火焰中间产物摩尔分数均大幅降低,由于掺氢后火焰中H和OH摩尔分数增加,氢的强扩散性和活性增大了火焰化学反应速率,且掺氢后混合燃料H/C比值增加,使火焰C基中间产物摩尔分数降低,有助于降低不完全燃烧产物摩尔分数.     

甘肃省科学院磁性器件研究所

甘肃省科学院磁性器件研究所成立于1988年，是我国第一家应用稀土永磁材料从事磁力驱动、磁性器件、磁机械工程和磁机电一体化项目的研究开发机构；是国内磁力机械技术开发的主要科研单位，已通过ISO9001：2000质量管理体系认证并取得了全国工业产品生产许可证；而且是首批进入兰州高新技术产业开发区的高新技术企业。该所技术力量雄厚，研发和创新能力强，已发展成为一支具有丰富实践经验、较高技术水平、勤奋敬业精神、团结协作的科研、生产团队。受全国泵标准委员会的委托，将作为磁力泵行业研发、生产、销售的骨干单位参与起草磁力泵行业全国标准。     

球磨时间对NdFeBDyAlCu合金结构和磁性能的影响

采用机械合金化法制备不同球磨时间的NdFeBDyAlcu合金粉末，研究球磨时间对样品的结构和磁性能影响．随球磨时间的增加，XRD结果显示α—Fe主峰相的强度先减小后增加；SEM结果最示颗粒尺寸明显的变小；VSM结果显示合金粉末球磨5h时的磁性能最好．     

分子标记的类型与RAPD技术本身存在的问题及对策

本文介绍了分子标记的类型及原理,并对其中较常用的RAPD技术中本身存在的问题:如温度、反应物的影响、扩增条带的取舍重复性问题、电泳分辨率问题等进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策.