植物根系提高土壤抗侵蚀能力的初步研究

以长江中上游几种常见的水土保持林为对象，就植物根系对土壤结构的影响进行了初步研究，结果表明：林木根系通过径级≤1mm须根的作用，可以提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力，其原因在于死根提供有机质、活根提供分泌物作为土粒团聚的胶结剂，配合须根的穿插和缠结，促进了土粒的团聚，从而增强了土壤抗分散、悬浮的能力。     

安徽省山地丘陵区水土流失原因与防治措施探讨

安徽省山丘区水土流失严重。其影响因素是自然因素(地貌、降水、植被、岩性)和人为因素的综合作用。防治措施包括生物措施、生产措施、工程措施和生态措施。     

祁连山冷龙岭南麓的冰川序列,黄土记录和阶地系列的初步…

已经发现的冰川沉积和黄土记录证明冷龙岭至少经历了３次冰期的冰川作用，其中倒数第３次冰期与沉积黄土Ｌ４（或Ｌ５）的时期相当，其时冰川规模最大，随后各个冰期冰川规模逐渐小，即使在倒数第三次冰期，冰川末端也只在达冷龙陇南侧门源盆地的边缘，未能覆盖整个盆地形成冰盖。     

蓬莱市域西北部沿海现代海岸侵蚀灾害研究

分析了蓬莱市域西北部沿海现代海岸侵蚀的特点，认为海岸组成物质松散与海洋动力作用强烈是本区现代海岸侵蚀的基本条件，人为活动是关键因素，提出了减轻海岸侵蚀灾害的综合规划与沿海堤防建设等减灾对策。     

问：除了使冰川加速融化、海平面升高外，全球变暖的影响还有哪些？

全球变暖的影响远不止冰川融化和海平面升高，全球变暖甚至可以使地球面临物种大灭绝的威胁。     

黄河中游风水两相作用对侵蚀产沙地域分布的影响

着眼于风力、水力两相作用，对黄河中游风沙—黄土过渡带高强度侵蚀的形成机理进行了研究,并提出用某一地点年降水量Pm与年均沙尘暴日数Dss之比Pm/Dss来定量表达风力、水力两相作用，称为风水两相作用指标.研究表明，风水两相作用通过对泥沙供应条件的调节，来控制悬移质泥沙的粗细颗粒搭配关系，并进而实现最优组合，从而使水沙两相流的输沙能力得到强化,地表物质抗蚀性和植被对地表物质保护作用的地域分布均与风水两相作用有密切的关系，因而形成了不同的地域类型;进而划分了风力作用主导类型、风水两相作用主导类型和水力作用主导类型等3种类型;认为产沙模数与年降水量、年沙尘暴日数和风水两相作用指标之间存在着非线性关系,在这3个关系中，均表现出一个产沙模数的峰值区，与之相对应的年降水量为350—450mm，年均沙尘暴日数为5—15d，风水两相指标值为30—80mm·d-1.这些成果丰富了著名的Langbein-Schumm关系的内涵，为其形成机理提供了一个新的解释.     

公路滑坡侵蚀运动过程的仿真分析

为了研究公路滑坡运动的机理,减轻公路建设中滑坡灾害的影响,以陕西铜川-王石凹公路2#滑坡侵蚀为实例,论述了公路滑坡侵蚀的地质地貌条件和变形特征。认为2#滑坡为牵引式滑坡,是古滑坡的复活,2#滑坡的滑移方式和方向与老滑坡不同,2#滑坡处于非稳定状态。建立了地质模型和计算模型,采用离散元法对滑坡侵蚀运动过程进行了仿真分析,对该滑坡滑动后可能造成的灾害程度及侵蚀量进行了评估。结果表明:2#滑坡的运动过程可分为:启动破坏阶段、剧动加速阶段、高速运动阶段、碰撞减速阶段和停滞缓动阶段5个阶段;2#滑坡滑动后,潜在滑坡侵蚀量将达到1409×104m3,因此该段公路必须进行滑坡治理或改道。     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.     

西昆仑山崇测冰帽温度分布研究

冰川温度场研究具有气候学意义,尤其在缺乏气象台站的地区更是如此。崇测冰帽位于藏西北高原,东经81°、北纬35°、顶部海拔6580m。1987年8月,沿冰帽主流线,从海拔6366—5950m作者对六个冰岩芯钻孔及旁边雪坑进行了冰温测量.在海拔6328m的S12岩芯孔内7—8m深处测到一16.4℃的冰温,为我国目前测到的最低冰温.本文拟在前人研究基