基于解空间高效编码的配电网重构连续化算法

提出一种基于解空间高效编码的配电网重构连续化算法.推导基于负荷电流的网损计算近似公式以估计开关交换支路范围,压缩解空间,提高寻优效率;建立连续变量解与离散变量解存在映射关系的双种群解空间,避开直接求解离散变量,减小计算量且适用连续变量优化方法求解;在一定编码规则下降维并减小变量置信区间半径后,通过编码规则和算法特性从概率上规避第一类非有效解,比对专家库完全规避第二类非有效解,使潮流计算次数大幅减少;改进纵横交叉算法,横向交叉引入方向性,采纳模糊聚类思想将静态纵向交叉因子动态化,收敛速度和精度得到改善.仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC-particle-strengthening tri-metal Al/Cu/Ni composite produced by accumulative roll bonding process

In this study, a multilayer Al/Ni/Cu composite reinforced with SiC particles was produced using an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process with different cycles. The microstructure and mechanical properties of this composite were investigated using optical and scanning microscopy and hardness and tensile testing. The results show that by increasing the applied strain, the Al/Ni/Cu multilayer composite converted from layer features to near a particle-strengthening characteristic. After the fifth ARB cycle, a composite with a uniform distribution of reinforcements (Cu, Ni, and SiC) was fabricated. The tensile strength of the composite increased from the initial sandwich structure to the first ARB cycle and then decreased from the first to the third ARB cycle. Upon reaching five ARB cycles, the tensile strength of the composite increased again. The variation in the elongation of the composite exhibited a tendency similar to that of its tensile strength. It is observed that with increasing strain, the microhardness values of the Al, Cu, and Ni layers increased, and that the dominant fracture mechanisms of Al and Cu were dimple formation and ductile fracture. In contrast, brittle fracture in specific plains was the main characteristic of Ni fractures.     

基于轿车的车车角度碰撞约束系统优化研究

为探究车车角度碰撞下的乘员约束系统参数设计准则,建立了某紧凑型车30°车车角度碰撞有限元模型和MADYMO驾驶区约束系统模型,并对整车模型及约束系统模型进行了验证.对安全带、安全气囊、安全座椅等约束系统各参数进行了灵敏度分析,运用MODEFRONTIER软件对目标车和同伴车约束系统参数进行优化.结果显示,在30°角度碰撞工况中,安全带D环位置及带扣点/锚点位置两个参数对驾驶员头部和胸部损伤影响显著,同时带扣点/锚点位置还对大腿轴向力有着显著的影响,而安全气囊点火时刻、气囊气体质量流率及泄气孔面积、安全带预紧器点火时刻4个参数对目标车和同伴车驾驶员各部位损伤影响都较为显著.优化后,目标车和同伴车WIC值分别减小了33.7%、7.4%,从而使此车型的约束系统在30°角度碰撞中对目标车和同伴车驾驶员的保护效果都达到最好.     

强度、刚度与模态约束下的FSC赛车车架轻量化

研究了在满足频率、强度、刚度约束的前提下,通过尺寸优化实现中国大学生方程式大赛(FSC)赛车车架的轻量化设计.首先,根据FSC规则要求建立车架的有限元模型.其次,设置5种静态特性分析工况、5个重要部位的刚度分析工况与前六阶自由模态分析工况对车架结构进行性能分析,构建以质量响应最小为优化目标,以材料的许用应力、重要部位的许用刚度和发动机的激振频率为约束条件,以车架管厚为设计变量的尺寸优化模型.最后,通过序列线性规划对非线性优化模型进行近似求解,取得了良好的轻量化效果:FSC赛车车架降重5.34kg,减重15.7%.     

敏度分层过滤策略克服连续体拓扑优化荷载病态问题

针对工程结构中所承受载荷幅值之间相差多个数量级,使用传统拓扑优化方法所得结果中较小载荷传递路径消失的荷载病态现象,提出一种简单有效的敏度分层过滤策略.将各载荷以幅值大小进行分层,并计算各载荷对结构对应的应变能数值.在此基础上,引入比较判断系数和放大应变能影响系数,将各灵敏度以大小进行分层,对不同层次灵敏度进行不同的过滤以取得多载荷作用下最佳材料布局.本文敏度分层过滤策略是在Solid Isotropic Material with Penahiation(SIMP)框架下提出的,并使用Optimality Criteria(OC)方法进行求解.使用二维和三维算例验证了所提策略的有效性,表明该策略可以有效克服荷载病态现象,为结构设计中得到完整传力结构布局提供重要指导.     

高速水润滑止推轴承的滑移润滑性能研究

建立了多种具有不同滑移区域分布特征的推力瓦数学模型,在考虑流体边界滑移效应、扩展了经典Reynolds方程并设定合理边界条件的基础上,借助MATLAB软件对模型进行数值仿真求解,研究了滑移区域分布方式、面积占比及滑移长度对轴承动压润滑性能的影响。结果表明,在靠近流场入口处沿周向分布滑移区域能显著提升不同转速条件下的推力瓦面承载力;当滑移区域面积占瓦面面积比介于0.3~0.4且滑移长度为1000nm时,轴承推力瓦面具有最优动压润滑性能。     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti/ADC12 composite modified with Sr

In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of Sr (0wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, and 0.3wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy diffraction spectroscopy. The results reveal that the α-Al phases were nearly spherical and 40 μm in size and that the eutectic Si phases became round in the composite when the Sr content reached 0.2wt%. The Al₃Ti particles were distributed uniformly at the grain boundary. The results of the corrosion examination reveal that the Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite exhibited a minimum corrosion rate of 0.081 g·m–2·h–1 for an Sr content of 0.2wt%, which is two thirds of that of unmodified composite (0.134 g·m–2·h–1). This improved corrosion resistance was due to galvanic corrosion, which resulted from the low area ratio of the cathode to anode regions. This caused a low-density corrosion current in the composite, thereby yielding optimum corrosion resistance.     

不确定条件下多产品第四方物流闭环网络鲁棒优化研究

在不确定条件下,构建了一个包括生产商、集中退货中心、消费区/初始退货点、维修处理中心、分销中心和废弃处置中心的单周期多产品第四方物流闭环网络选址模型。在销售量和退货率均不确定的情况下,用鲁棒优化的方法进行优化,目标是使总成本最小。通过lingo 10对具体算例进行求解。结果验证了该模型的鲁棒性。     

微量镍元素添加对铁基非晶/纳米晶磁芯软磁性能的影响

用单辊法制备的宽20 mm,厚25μm的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9和Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材,绕制成外径为40 mm,内径为25 mm的环型磁芯,然后将磁芯在不同的温度下进行退火处理,研究了微量Ni元素添加对合金带材的晶化行为以及对横向磁场退火后的非晶/纳米晶磁芯的软磁性能的影响。结果表明:与Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9合金带材相比,添加微量Ni元素的Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材的一级起始晶化温度Tx1和一级晶化峰温度Tp1降低,其二级起始晶化温度Tx2和二级晶化峰温度Tp2升高,两级起始晶化温度之间的差值ΔTx增大;与横向磁场退火后的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶/纳米晶磁芯相比,横向磁场退火后的Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8非晶/纳米晶磁芯的起始磁导率μi和饱和磁感应强度Bs减小,矫顽力Hc增大;当测试频率f和最大磁感应强度Bm不变时,有效幅值磁导率μa增大,比总损耗Ps和矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f不变时,电感Ls和品质因数Q增大;当励磁电流I不变时,感应电动势E大。     

富矿粉烧结配矿优化研究

为了降低烧结成本,减少烧结过程能源的消耗,同时提高烧结矿质量,针对某钢铁公司富矿粉烧结进行优化配矿实验研究。选用南非富矿粉、巴西卡粉与南非精矿粉1、2进行了烧结配矿优化研究。结果表明:最优配矿方案为6~#,其中巴西卡粉、南非富矿粉、南非精矿粉1配比为15∶70∶15。其利用系数为2.66t/(m~2·h),转鼓指数为63.39%,RI、RDI_(+3.15)分别为70.06%和51.30%,熔滴性能总特性S值为1419kPa·℃。