A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.     

单原子Co修饰TiO2(101)面的结构和析氢性能的第一性原理研究

通过基于密度泛函理论（DFT）+U的第一性原理方法研究了单原子Co在TiO₂（101）面的掺杂位置和方式、几何结构和整体能量以及掺杂后产物的制氢反应机制,得到了稳定且易出现的单原子修饰结构,即单原子Co吸附在4个O组成的表面空隙的中心位,记为Co/TiO₂（101）。进一步对Co/TiO₂（101）的析氢反应过程和性能进行研究,确定了当且仅当TiO₂（101）面完成表面羟基化反应后,H原子全覆盖的TiO₂（101）表面才能进行后续的析氢反应;此时单原子Co是唯一的反应位点,整体的制氢反应自由能ΔG_H*比Co（111）面更加趋近于0,显示出其具有远优于金属Co的催化性能。此外,Co和TiO₂间的电荷转移和相互作用使TiO₂带隙出现新的掺杂能级,可带来作为光催化基材的TiO₂光吸收性能的改善。     

5-硝基水杨醛缩乙二胺双希夫碱钴(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及热稳定性研究

利用水热法合成了一例新的超分子配合物——5-硝基水杨醛缩乙二胺双希夫碱钴(Ⅲ)配合物.通过元素分析、红外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射等手段对其组成、结构进行了研究,并对合成条件进行了探讨.结果表明,配体采用四齿螯合的方式与金属钴离子配位,配合物结构单元之间通过分子间氢键构筑得到了配合物的超分子网络结构.热重分析表明,配合物具有良好的热稳定性.     

钴对热浸镀锌层耐腐蚀性的影响

通过5 wt%NaCl溶液浸泡腐蚀实验和电化学极化实验测量了热浸锌镀层的腐蚀速率和极化曲线,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜SEM观察了镀层腐蚀后表面的显微组织,初步探讨了腐蚀机理.研究结果表明:锌浴中加入钴的合金镀层抗腐蚀能力要强于纯锌浴镀层;在盐水腐蚀溶液中,锌镀层能够阻滞腐蚀保护基体的主要原因,是牺牲阳极锌和在镀层表面形成了一层由ZnO和ZnCl2.4Zn(OH)2组成的钝化膜;当锌浴中添加适量钴元素后,在镀层中会形成富钴层,可以阻碍镀层的腐蚀,也有利于稳定腐蚀初期生成的Zn(OH)2或ZnCl2.4Zn(OH)2,降低腐蚀电流,提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能.     

柠檬酸协助的Y2 O3 包覆LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2材料性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,以硝酸钇和柠檬酸为原料对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2进行包覆. 室温下,在2.8～4.3 V和1 C充放电条件下,以柠檬酸协助的Y2O3包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料作为正极,锂片作为负极,制成的电池50次循环容量没有衰减,而未加柠檬酸的Y2O3包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料50次循环容量保持率为96.72%,未经过包覆的材料只有91.03%.     

晋城煤业集团科技创新能力分析

利用科技统计对晋城煤业集团在科技创新中的优势和劣势进行了分析，并进一步提出了对策及改进措施。     

载钴沸石上Co^3＋的还原作用

本文釆用XRD,XPS,TGA和TPR-XRD技术考察浸渍钴HZSM-5沸石催化剂的还原作用,结果表明:浸渍型载钴沸石经焙烧后,钴主要以Co_3O_40.形态存在于沸石外表面,其粒度为350(?)左右。同时有部分钴离子进入孔内与H~+进行交换,以类似Co(OH)_2形态存在于沸石内表面。500℃还原后,还原度随载钴量增加而增大,其大于57%,粒度在250-270(?)间。还原过程中,出现2个TPR峰,分别相应于过程中的Co~(3+)→Co~(2+)→Co二个阶段,各阶段的特征温度依次为:591-624°K;644-658°K。     

Chemical composition of decomposing stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） plantations

Decomposition of stumps in successive rotation of Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） plantations was studied using a chronosequenee approach. The results showed that decomposition rate constant of Chinese fir stump was 0.02695 as calculated from Olson＇s model. The N content of stump increased during the first two-year decomposition. When the dead stump C/N ratio was 463.2 ± 27.3, the stumps started to release N. The pattern of P release was similar to that for N. However, K content of stumps showed a consistent declining trend over time during the whole decomposition. ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross polarization and magic-angle spinning （^13C CPMAS-NMR） was used to analyse organic carbon （C） components in decomposing stumps. The ^13C CPMAS-NMR spectra of stumps displayed that stump was dominated by cellulose and hemieellulose. The spectra also showed the accumulation of intensity in alkyl C, aromatic C, and earboxyl C spectral regions, which was expected as the labile cellulose and hemieellulose components in O-alkyl C spectral region were selectively decomposed first.     

Interfamily pregnancy and expression of CD57, CD68 in deciduas between golden hamster and mouse

Pregnancy between different species is one of the key steps to interspecific somatic cell cloning. Although interspecific clone embryos have been constructed, they could not develop to birth after being transferred to recipi-ents. In order to clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, interfamily pregnancy between golden hamste (Mesocricetus auratus) and mouse (Mus musculus) was studied. Co-culture results indicated that the adhesion ratios of golden hamster blastocysts on mouse uterine epithelia monolayer 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after co-culture were all significantly lower than those of mouse blastocysts. The outgrowth ratios of golden hamster blastocysts on mouse uterine epithelia monolayer 48, 72 h after co-culture were both significantly lower than those of mouse blastocysts (P < 0.01). Golden hamster抯 blastula could be implanted and develop to D 11 of pregnancy after being transferred to mouse uterus (the 7th day after embryo transfer). Compared to the transfer of mouse embryo to mouse uterus, the successful ratio of interfamily embryo transfer was lower and the bulk of fetus was smaller than that of intraspecific fetus. Compared to intraspecific preg-nancy of mouse, the remote decidual tissue of interfamily pregnancy on D8 is looser. At the same time, expressions of CD57 and CD 68 in remote deciduas were both higher than those in the secondary deciduas in both intraspecific and interfamily pregnancy. However, expressions of the two molecules in interfamily pregnancy were lower than those in intraspecific pregnancy. These results showed that interfam-ily pregnancy could be established between golden hamster and mouse. But the development of fetus in interfamily pregnancy was slower than that in intraspecific pregnancy. The expression difference of CD57 and CD68 indicates the difference of immunoreaction between interfamily and in-traspecific pregnancy, which may be one of the reasons lead-ing to interfamily pregnancy termination.     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.