基于云模型的地下铁矿区生态风险模糊综合评价

针对铁矿开采带来的生态环境问题,从固有危险性、现状水平和控制状况三个方面建立地下铁矿区生态风险综合评价指标体系。该指标体系能从宏观上反映矿区生态风险的主要矛盾,利于矿区间进行比较。针对评价过程中的模糊性和随机性,构建了基于云模型的模糊综合评价方法,利用云模型改进模糊评价的评语集和隶属度函数,有效体现了评价过程中模糊性和随机性的统一,同时引入模糊熵概念进一步表征风险评价结果的模糊性和所评矿区生态问题的复杂度。程潮铁矿实证表明,评价结果能较好地反映矿区实际情况。本文所提出的方法为矿区生态风险综合评价提供了一种新的分析框架。     

Property enhancement of cast iron used for nuclear casks

Ductile iron (DI) is a preferred material for use in various structural, automotive, and engineering fields because of its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. In the current investigation, we elucidate the relationship between the morphological and mechanical properties of DI intended for use in safety applications in the nuclear industry. DI specimens with various alloying elements were subjected to annealing and austempering heat treatment processes. A faster cooling rate appeared to increase the nodule count in austempered specimens, compensating for their nodularity value and subsequently decreasing their ductility and impact strength. The ductility and impact energy values of annealed specimens increased with increasing ferrite area fraction and nodularity, whereas an increase in the amounts of Ni and Cr resulted in an increase of hardness via solid solution strengthening. Austempered specimens were observed to be stronger than annealed specimens and failed in a somewhat brittle manner characterized by a river pattern, whereas the ductile failure mode was characterized by the presence of dimples.     

Effects of sphere size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron–steel hollow sphere syntactic foams

The effects of sphere size on the microstructural and mechanical properties of ductile iron–steel hollow sphere (DI–SHS) syntactic foams were investigated in this study. The SHSs were manufactured by fluidized-bed coating via the Fe-based commercial powder–binder suspension onto expanded polystyrene spheres (EPSs). Afterwards, the DI–SHS syntactic foams were produced via a sand-mold casting process. The microstructures of specimens were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The microscopic evaluations of specimens reveal distinct regions composed of the DI matrix, SHS shells, and compatible interface. As a result, the microstructures and graphite morphologies of the DI matrix depend on sphere size. When the sphere size decreases, the area fractions of cementite and graphite phases are observed to increase and decrease, respectively. Compression tests were subsequently conducted at ambient temperature on the DI–SHS syntactic foams. The results reveal that the compression behavior of the syntactic foams is enhanced with increasing sphere size. Furthermore, the compressed specimens demonstrate that microcracks start and grow from the interface region.     

Effects of Fe content on the microstructure and properties of CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM horizontal continuous casting

Heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) horizontal continuous casting technology developed by our research group was used to produce high axial columnar-grained CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes with different Fe contents. The effects of Fe content (1.08wt%–2.01wt%) on the microstructure, segregation, and flushing corrosion resistance in simulated flowing seawater as well as the mechanical properties of the alloy tubes were investigated. The results show that when the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the segregation degree of Ni and Fe elements increases, and the segregation coefficient of Ni and Fe elements falls from 0.92 to 0.70 and from 0.92 to 0.63, respectively. With increasing Fe content, the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases initially and then increases. When the Fe content is 1.83wt%, the corrosion rate approaches the minimum and dense, less-defect corrosion films, which contain rich Ni and Fe elements, form on the surface of the alloy; these films effectively protect the α-matrix and reduce the corrosion rate. When the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the tensile strength of the alloy tube increases from 204 MPa to 236 MPa, while the elongation to failure changes slightly about 46%, indicating the excellent workability of the CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes.     

外加纳米粒子强化钢铁材料研究的新进展

基于钢中二相粒子对钢的强化作用理论,向钢液中直接加入纳米氧化物粒子强化钢铁材料成为研究热点。目前国内的研究主要集中于粒子的添加方法、种类、影响等方面,但都回避了纳米粒子在钢中能否均匀分散的问题,也未见工业化应用的报道。国际上,研究主要集中于纳米粒子的制备及处理方法等方面,定性分析了粒子的分散性问题。为了使粒子能够均匀分散,粒子的制备和添加方法依然是难点,有关纳米粒子在钢液中的运动行为,热力学稳定性等问题还有待于进一步深入研究。     

铜、铁与锌试剂的络合吸附波研究铝合金中微量铜、铁的同时测定

在4×10-5mol/L ZCO-0.4mol/L NH4Cl-0.6%Na2SO3溶液中,钢(Ⅱ)-ZCO与铁(Ⅱ)-ZCO络合物在单扫描示波极谱仪上可观察到两个灵敏的极谱吸附波,峰电位分别为—0.63V和—0.76V(vs.SCE),峰电流与钢(Ⅱ)铁(Ⅱ)浓度分别在1.3×10-7—2.5×10-5mol/L和3.0×10-7—3.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检测限分别为7.8×10-8mol/L、1.5×10-7mol/L.本文研究了产生钢、铁波的条件,探讨了波的性质、测定出铜(Ⅱ)、     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床的同位素地球化学特征

东风山金矿体赋存在含铁层之下的东风山群角岩层中。赋矿层位中富含磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、锰铝榴石和锰铁闪石。通过对该矿床的硫、氧、碳和铅同位素研究,表明硫化物中的硫和地层铅主要来自深源,其次地层中的含硫有机物被生物分解形成的硫也产生一定影响。东风山群形成于早元古代。东风山金矿属高温热接触变质的同生床。     

一种新型自保持电磁阀的电磁磁路设计

该文分析了一种新型自保持电磁阀的磁路结构,通过对电磁铁的结构设计及线圈的参数选择,采用性能优异的永磁材料,进行优化电磁磁路设计。使该电磁阀具有工作可靠、节能及寿命长等优点,可用于具有控制功能的电池供电的各种智能仪表。     

基于集成神经网络的球墨铸铁珠光体含量涡流无损智能测定

为了实现球墨铸铁珠光体含量的智能无损测定,制备了具有代表性的球墨铸铁试样并按珠光体粗细程度将其分为三类。首先在分析了影响球墨铸铁电磁性能的主要因素的基础上,同时采用涡流无损检测法与金相法对球墨铸铁珠光体含量进行了测定,对检测数据进行回归分析表明二种方法的测量结果很接近;然后采用集成神经网络处理涡流检测数据并对珠光体含量进行了预测,预测结果表明基于集成神经网络数据处理的涡流检测是一种快速智能识别球墨铸铁中珠光体含量的有效方法。     

热处理单晶硅片中Fe玷污的深能级瞬态谱分析

应用深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)技术,对不同热处理条件下的单晶硅腐蚀片及抛光片进行了Fe玷污分析,系统研究了热处理前预清洗工艺和热处理工艺过程对硅片体内Fe玷污的影响。实验表明,热处理和热处理前预清洗是加工过程中对硅片体内Fe玷污有重大影响的工序,进而提出了有效降低硅片内Fe玷污的热处理控制方法。