用陶瓷载体固定化酵母细胞进行啤酒主发酵的研究

采用陶瓷载体固定化酵母细胞进行啤酒主发酵,将陶瓷载体与海藻酸钙载体做了对比试验.对啤酒主发酵的表观动力学进行了探讨.分析了底物流速、发酵温度对发酵速率的影响.实验结果表明,表观动力学常数不仅与流速和温度有关,还与载体结构密切相关.认为陶瓷载体优于海藻酸钙载体.     

Fragile X mental retardation protein interacts with TDG

Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation disease, resulting from absent of expression of its disease geneFMR1. To study the function of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) through protein/protein interaction, a mouse embryo cDNA library was screened by the yeast two-hybrid system. A clone was found to interact specifically with FMRP. The cDNA of this clone (Genbank accession number af 102875) encoded a protein highly homologous to human G/T mismatch-specific DNA thymine glycosylase (hTDG). Interactions between various alternatively spliced FMRP isoforms and a series of mTDG deletion proteins were further studied in the yeast two-hybrid system and their interaction amino acid regions were determined. Interaction between FMRP and TDG existed inside exon 13 of FMRP (amino acid residue 397–425) and around amino acid residue 122–346 of TDG. These results will be helpful to the study of the biological role of FMRP.     

Screening of the interacting proteins with NifA in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azospirillum brasilense</Emphasis> Sp7 by the yeast two-hybrid system

NifA in AzospiriUum brasilense plays a key role in regulating the synthesis and activity of nitrogenase in response to ammonia and oxygen available. In this work we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the proteins that interact with NifA. The nifA gene was fused to the yeast two-hybrid vector pGBD-C2, and three A. brasilense Sp7 genomic libraries for use in yeast two-hybrid studies were constructed. Screening of the libraries identified four clones encoding proteins that interact with NifA. The confirmation of the interactions of each gene product of the four clones and NifA were carried out by exchanging the vectors for nifA and the four clones and by mutageneses of the four clones with shift reading frame experiments in yeast two-hybrid studies. DNA sequence analyses showed that two clones encode proteins containing PAS domains that play an important role in signal transduction. One clone has high similarity with the fhuE gene of Escherichia coli, whose gene product is involved in iron uptake and transportation, and the other clone encodes an unknown protein.     

Gene conversion in the chicken immunoglobulin locus: A paradigm of homologous recombination in higher eukaryotes

Gene conversion was first defined in yeast as a type of homologous recombination in which the donor sequence does not change. In chicken B cells, gene conversion builds the antigen receptor repertoire by introducing sequence diversity into the immunoglobulin genes. Immunoglobulin gene conversion continues at high frequency in an avian leukosis virus induced chicken B cell line. This cell line can be modified by homologous integration of transfected DNA constructs offering a model system for studying gene conversion in higher eukaryotes. In search for genes which might participate in chicken immunoglobulin gene conversion, we have identified chicken counterparts of the yeastRAD51, RAD52, andRAD54 genes. Disruption and overexpression of these genes in the chicken B cell line may clarify their role in gene conversion and gene targeting.     

利用酒精废液生产饲料酵母技术研究

本文从普通菌种进行筛选及耐酸性驯养,筛选出适合酒精废液发酵的Y—10蓖株,进行了最佳发酵条件的摇瓶试验,探索了Y—10菌株利用酒精废液发酵最佳条件的中间试验。试验结果表明,Y—10菌株品质优良,耐酸性强,发酵条件粗放,有良好的工艺性能。在温度29～30℃,通风量1:0.8,接种0.2％酵母泥,添加少量营养物,培养10h,饲料酵母最高产率达13.6g/L,产品含粗蛋白56.65％,酒精废液的pH由4.2上升至7.0左右,SS去除率达90％以上,BOD去除率达68.6％,COD去除率达52.5％,有着显著的经济、环保和社会效益。     

Genetic and molecular approaches to synthesis and action of the yeast killer toxin

Summary The K1 killer toxin ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a secreted, virally-coded protein lethal to sensitive yeasts. Killer yeasts are immune to the toxin they produce. This killer system has been extensively examined from genetic and molecular perspectives. Here we review the biology of killer yeasts, and examine the synthesis and action of the protein toxin and the immunity component. We summarise the structure of the toxin precursor gene and its protein products, outline the proteolytic processing of the toxin subunits from the precursor, and their passage through the yeast secretory pathway. We then discuss the mode of action of the toxin, its lectin-like interaction with a cell wall glucan, and its probable role in forming channels in the yeast plasma membrane. In addition we describe models of how a toxin precursor species functions as the immunity component, probably by interfering with channel formation. We conclude with a review of the functional domains of the toxin structural gene as determined by site-directed mutagenesis. This work has identified regions associated with glucan binding, toxin activity, and immunity.     

精炼糖废蜜连续发酵生产酵母的研究

研究了以精炼糖废蜜为原料，采用连续多级发酵制作酵母的工艺过程，确定出适用进糖浓度与最佳稀释率等工艺参数     

脲引起反相胶束酵母醇脱氢酶的紫外与荧光变化

比较了ＡＯＴ－异辛烷及水相两种体系中脲引起的酵母醇脱氢酶（ＹＡＤＨ）紫外和荧光变化。在水相反应系统中随着脲浓度增加（至３．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ），酶活性迅速下降并全部失活，构象发生重大改变，２２０ｎｍ处的紫外吸收增加，荧光强度减小，３３６ｎｍ处的荧光峰红移１２ｎｍ至３４８ｎｍ，在Ｒ＝１５的反相胶束体系中，酶浓度相同时ＹＡＤＨ活力相当于水相ＹＡＤＨ的６３％左右，但脲浓度增至３．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时ＹＡＤＨ的活力基本无变化，２４０ｎｍ和２７０ｎｍ处的紫外吸收峰、３５７ｎｍ处的荧光发射峰均随着脲浓度的增加有所升高。上述结果表明脲对两种体系中ＹＡＤＨ的分子构象和活力的影响是不同的     

酵母甘露聚糖乙酰解产物的制备和分析

从啤酒酵母(Saccnaromyces Cerevisiae)中提取甘露聚糖Sp_1。将Sp_1进行选择性(2.5hr,5hr)乙酰解反应,经冷冻干燥得乙酰解产物Sp_1 2.5和Sp_1 5。通过Sephadex G-50柱层析、醋酸纤维薄膜电泳、红外光谱法、比旋光度测定等方法分析其理化性质。Sp_1 2.5和Sp_1 5在3400cm~(-1)、2900cm~(-1)、2300cm~(-1)、1600cm~(-1)、1000cm~(-1)左右有多糖的特征吸收峰。