条件植被温度指数干旱监测方法的研究与应用

综合应用归一化植被指数(NDVI)和土地表面温度(LST),提出了条件植被温度指数(VTCI)的概念,并将其用于干旱监测。VTCI的定义既考虑了区域内NDVI的变化,又强调了NDVI值相等时LST的变化,可解释为NDVI值相等时LST差异的比率。分别以陕西关中平原地区和美国大平原南部地区为研究区域,应用AVHRR和MODIS卫星遥感反演的NDVI和LST产品,以及累计降水量和降水偏差数据,证实了条件植被温度指数是一种近实时的干旱监测方法。     

Global vegetation change analysis based on MODIS data in recent twelve years①

Vegetation cover change is critical for understanding impacts and responses of vegetation to climate change. A study found that vegetation in the regions between 45°N-70°N was increasing using normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) from 1981 to 1991 ten years ago. The global vegetation growth has changed because of climate change in recent twelve years( 2001- 2012). After thorough analysis based on satellite data,it is found that it is evident that the global vegetation changed( NDVI) little,and it is increasing slightly in Northern hemisphere while it is decreasing slightly in Southern Hemisphere. For different latitudes,vegetation is increasing 0.17% every year from 60°N to 70 °N( R~2= 0.47,P 0.013),while the vegetation is decreasing 0.11% every year from 10°N to 10° S( R~2= 0.54,P 0.004). For different continents,the vegetation in South America is decreasing 0.16% every year( R~2= 0.78,P 0.0001) and it is increasing 0.05% every year in Asia( R~2= 0.28,P 0.072) and 0.25% every year in Oceania( R~2= 0.24,P 0.1). The analysis of global vegetation in different seasons indicates that spatial distribution of global temperature and water vapor will affect the spatial distribution of vegetation,in turn,the spatial distribution of vegetation will also regulate the global temperature and water vapor spatial distribution at large scale. The growth and distribution of vegetation are mainly caused by the orbit of the celestial bodies,and a big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system as its center is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatial-temporal variations of global vegetation and temperature at large scale. These findings promise a holistic understanding of the global climate change and potential underlying mechanisms.     

Vegetation effects on mean daily maximum and minimum surface air temperatures over China

Changes in the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) surface air temperatures and the associated temperature extremes have severe consequences on human society and the natural environment. In this study, we assess vegetation effects on mean Tmax and Tmin over China by computing a vegetation feedback parameter using the satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and observed temperatures for the period 1982–2002. In all seasons, vegetation exerts a much stronger forcing on Tmax than on Tmin, and thus has a substantial effect on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over China. Significant positive feedbacks on Tmax and the DTR occupy many areas of China with the feedback parameters exceeding 1°C (0.1 NDVI)–1, while significant negative effects only appear over the summertime climatic and ecological transition zone of northern China and some other isolated areas. Also, the vegetation feedbacks are found to vary with season. In areas where significant feedbacks occur, vegetation contributes to typically 10%–30% of the total variances in Tmax, Tmin, and the DTR. These findings suggest that vegetation memory offers the potential for improving monthly-to-seasonal forecasting of Tmax and Tmin, and the associated temperature extremes over China. Meanwhile, the limitations and uncertainties of the study should be recognized.     

基于ArcEngine和VRML的森林景观可视化系统

讨论了一种构建森林景观可视化系统的新方法,基于三种数据源,即遥感影像数据、地形图数据、林相图数据,将地理信息系统的二次开发技术与VRML(虚拟现实模型语言)相结合,利用景观可视化技术构建并实现了森林景观的可视化,缩短了空间数据的输入和参数化过程,为空间数据的可视化提供了一条思路.     

九寨沟自然保护区种子植物区系组成分析

九寨沟种子植物(按恩格勒系统)已鉴定的植物有88科299属744种,其中裸子植物4科10属27种,被子植物84科289属717种.从生长型来看,乔木81种,灌木141种,藤木37种,草本485种.属的系数41.7.区系分区属泛北极植物区,中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,横断山脉地区.属分布区类型温带215属,占83.65%;热带分布27属,占10.51%.地中海成分8属,占3.12%;全世界分布42属.国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物7种.植被组成中以冷杉、云杉、松等属的植物为优势种,阔叶树的优势种是杨柳科、桦木科、椴树科等.主要灌木有茶藨子、蔷薇、枸子、悬钧子、花揪、忍冬、杜鹃等植物.草本以菊科、禾本科、莎草科、毛茛科等植物为主.     

海南岛五指山的森林植被Ⅰ．五指山的森林植被类型

本部分仅对五指山森林植被类型进行科学的划分和描述。五指山森林植被自下而上可划分为热带低地雨林（海拔７００～１０００ｍ）、热带山地雨林（海拔１０００～１４００ｍ）、热带亚高山矮林（海拔１４００～１７００ｍ）、热带山顶灌丛（海拔１７００～１８６７ｍ）等４个原生植被类型，共１０个群系。     

大别—桐柏山区植被分类初探

本文提出大别—桐柏山区自然植被分类的依据、原则和分类系统的单位及命名方法。根据野外考察资料分析,初步拟定了大别—桐柏山区自然植被分类系统方案,将其分为针叶林、阔叶林、竹林、灌丛植被、草丛植被、沼泽植被和水生植被7个植被型,在植被型下再分17个群系组和124个群系。     

历史时期华北平原的植被变迁

全新世中期由于全球处于冰后期的气候温暖期，所以我国华北平原北部分布着含有亚热带植物种属的暖温带落叶阔叶林，而该平原中南部则分布着北亚热带落叶阔叶与常绿阔叶混交林．到全新世晚期，即我国自西周以来的近三千年时期中，由于全球气候变得较前干冷，整个华北平原均变为暖温带落叶阔叶林区；随着人为活动的不断增强，人工栽培植被分布范围几经扩缩后，终于成为这一平原植被的主体，自然植被则几近消失．     

江西省三清山的植被类型及其分布

1.三清山位于江西省东北部怀玉山脉的东段,北纬28°56′,东经118°04′,面积约150平方公里,主峰玉京峰海拔1816.9米。三清山现已被列为省级风景区。 2.植物种类丰富,初步统计约有种子植物130科,480属,1100多种。植物区系起源古老,以亚热带和热带成分为主,与浙南的九龙山最为相近。 3.本地区主要有五个植被型组:Ⅰ、阔叶林;Ⅱ、山地矮林;Ⅲ、针叶林;Ⅳ、竹林;Ⅴ、沼泽.常绿阔叶林为本地区的基带植被;本地区的特色植被为华东黄杉林和猴头杜鹃林。     

安徽省鹞落坪自然保护区的植被类型及其分布

鹞落坪自然保护区地处大别山腹地主峰分水岭的主段，植物种类丰富，计有野生种子植物１２９８种，５７２属、１４１科。植物区系起源古老、特有现象明显。区系成分以温带为主，兼为温带和热带，亚热带的双重性质。植被类型多样，该区自然植被主要有５个植被型。８个植被亚型，２４个群系。