饲料中不同脂肪含量对草鱼稚鱼生长的影响

采用混合脂肪源（鱼肝油：豆油：猪油＝１：１：１）以不同脂肪含量梯度（３％，９％，１２％，１５％）配制成５种精制试验饲料，驿草鱼稚鱼做８周饲喂对比，综合分析其生长效率各参数。结果发现，草鱼稚鱼饲料中的适宜脂肪含量约为８．８％。分析表明，在满足鱼体蛋白需求的基础上，适当选取饲料原以提供组成平衡的必需脂肪酸，草鱼利用饲料脂肪的能力并不象以往认为的那么低下。     

长江野生草鱼性状和生长的研究

本文对长江野生草鱼的性状和生长特性进行了较为详细的研究。计算和分析了雌、雄鱼18项性状比特征与差异,以及随体长的变化规律。为保护长江野生草鱼种质资源,合理捕捞年龄为4～5龄。     

常州市主要工业废水及四种有机毒物对白鲢(Hypohythalmichthys molitrix)的急性毒性

本文用静态生物测试法研究常州市四个重点污染源及运河(常州——武进)水体中四种主要毒物对白鲢的急性毒性,获得工厂废水及主要毒物对鱼种96小时LC_(50)值分别为:染料厂2.07％。常州化工厂29.49％,石油化工厂23.5％,东风印染厂24.15％.α-硝基萘1.6mg/l,间硝基苯胺9.9mg/l,磷酸三丁酯6.6mg/l,澡二硝基苯7.2mg/l.根据毒物分级标准,染料厂废水评为“高毒”,其它工厂废水评为“中等毒”,四种毒物均评为“高毒”.对鱼毒性大小次序是:α-硝基茶>磷酸三丁酯>间二硝基苯>间硝基苯胺.建议安全浓度标准如下:染料厂0.21％,石化厂2.35％,化工厂3.0％,东印厂2.42％.α-硝基茶0.2mg/l,间硝基苯胺1mg/l,磷酸三丁酯0.66mg/l,间二硝基苯0.72mg/l.所得参数可为地区性工业废水排放标准及废水标准制订提供依据.     

用鲩鱼胆汁复制多器官功能衰竭动物模型

本实验观察新鲜鲩鱼胆汁灌胃对狗、大鼠、小鼠的肺、肝、肾功能及形志学改变的影响,新鲜鲩鱼胆汁可引起 PaO_2明显降低、PaCO_2、BUN 及 SGPT 明显升高,病理形态学检查,显示肺水肿、灶性肺炎、肝细胞及肾小管上皮细胞脂肪变性、浊肿、坏死.实验结果表明:新鲜鲩鱼胆汁可引起急性肺、肝、肾功能衰竭.与临床 MOF 表现相符,即复制出 MOF 动物模型.本实验模型在国内外为首次报道.     

Effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and benzo[a]pyrene on modulating vitellogenin expression in primary culture of crucian carp （Carassius auratus） hepatocytes

Vitellogenin (Vtg) is the precursor of yolk protein. Its expression and secretion are estrogen-regulated and are crucial for oocyte maturation. An in ritro xenoestrogen screening model was established by measuring Vtg induction in cultured primary hepatocytes from crucian carp. Vtg production was detected by biotin-avidin sandwich ELISA method while Vtg and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA induction were measured by semi- quantitative PCR-primer dropping technique. Vtg and Vtg mRNA were dose-dependently induced by diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.2-200 ng/mL) in hepatocytes of crucian carp. Co-treatment of the DES-induced hepatocytes with either 2,3,7,8-TCDD (TCDD, 0.1-4 pg/mL) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P, 5-1000 ng/mL) resulted in a reduction of Vtg production and an increment of CYP1A1 mRNA expression both in a dose dependent manner, indicating the anti-estrogenic effects of the compounds. However, at lower tested concentrations, TCDD (0.1, 0.2 pg/mL), B[a]P (5 ng/mL)seemed to have a potentiating effect on Vtg expression and secretion, although by their own these compounds had no observable estrogenic effect on Vtg induction. Tamoxifen (a selective estrogen receptor modulators, 1 nmol/L-1μmol/L),and β-naphtho-flavone (β-NF, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor inducing compounds, 2.5-1000 ng/mL) also were employed to study the possible interactions in DES-induced Vtg expression. In co-treatment of the DES-induced hepatocytes with β-NF or tamoxifen, the decrease in Vtg production did parallel induction of CYP1A1 for β-NF, but tamoxifen inhibited Vtg induction did not parallel induced CYP1A1 expression in all test concentrations. On the contrary, it was found that in co-treatment of the TCDD-induced hepatocytes with DES, TCDD induced CYP1A1 mRNA production was inhibited by DES also. These results implicated a possible cross talk between estrogen receptor- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathways in the hepatocytes.     

Obtaining the transgenic poplars with low lignin content through down-regulation of 4CL

The antisense 4CL (4-coumarate: CoA ligase)gene was transformed into triploid Chinese white poplar(Populus tomentosa) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.PCR and Southern blot analysis indicated that antisense 4CLgene had been integrated into the genome of the transgenicChinese white poplars. The antisense gene had also beenexpressed, which was indicated by RT-PCR and Westernanalysis. Klason lignin content assay showed that repressionof 4CL expression could result in remarkable reduction oflignin content in transgenic poplars, with most reduction of 41.73% compared with that of wild type in this paper. Butthere is no significant difference in holocellulose content be-tween trans- genic and wild poplars. We considered that 4CLmight not be the metabolism control point between ligninand carbohy- drate biosynthesis. The stems of transgenicpoplars displayed red-brown color with different levels afterthe bark was peeled, while those of untransformed plantswere white. No visible differences in growth and developmentwere observed between transgenic and wild plants. Wiesnerreaction analysis of the transgenic plant stems with reducedlignin content exhibited red color, while that of untrans-formed plant was typically purple-red.     

红鲫促性腺激素α亚基的cDNA克隆

从红鲫(Red crucian earp)脑垂体中提取总RNA，根据鱼类促性腺激素(Gonadotropin Hormone，简称GTH)α亚基的保守性，设计并合成了一对20个碱基长的简并引物，用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆了红鲫GTH-α亚基的两种不同的cDNA，分别命名为GTH-α1和GTH-α2。GTH-α1和GTH-α2分别由363和366个核苷酸组成，分别编码117和118个氨基酸．这两种类型的cDNA的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性非常高，分别达到了95.0％和96．6％．但是，它们之间也有4个氨基酸的差别，而且GTH-α1有一个三联体核苷酸组成的氨基酸的缺失。聚类分析表明，GTH-α亚基在鲤科鱼类中具有高度保守性。     

基于DNA含量的复合鲫倍性分析

通过对复合鲫血细胞DNA含量的测定,探讨了其倍性和产生机制等方面的问题.结果显示,复合鲫的DNA含量明显多于母本种彭泽鲫的DNA含量,且所测14尾中多数个体的DNA含量超过或接近四倍体的DNA含量,少数个体的DNA含量介于三倍体和四倍体之间.推测多数复合鲫个体为复合四倍体异育彭泽鲫,其染色体组包含母本彭泽鲫的全套染色体和父本单倍染色体组所产生的子代,少数个体可能为非整倍体.     

不同剂型微量元素对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养状况的影响

用氨基酸微量元素、多糖酸微量元素及无机微量元素,添加在鲤鱼饲料中,进行对比饲喂试验,并对各组试验鱼的增重率、饲料转化率、肌肉营养成份及肌肉微量元素的含量进行分析测定.结果表明,添加微量元素的各试验组均优于对照组.等量添加的氨基酸微量元素、多糖酸微量元素,明显优于无机微量元素.氨基酸微量元素的增重率和饲料转化率比无机微量元素分别提高8.8 %、10.2 %;多糖酸微量元素的增重率和饲料转化率比无机微量元素分别提高5.9 %、3.7 %.氨基酸微量元素与多糖酸微量元素对鲤鱼增重率及饲料转化率的影响无显著差异.在本试验条件下,每kg饲料添加多糖酸微量元素Fe150mg、Cu3mg、Zn30mg、Mn13mg是适宜的.     

传统池塘与孵化水泥池投饲饲养技术对异育银鲫鱼苗培育效果的影响

应用传统池塘生产技术与孵化水泥池投饲饲养技术开展了为期2周的异育银鲫鱼苗培育比较试验.结果表明无论应用传统池塘生产技术,还是孵化水泥池投饲饲养技术,均适用于异育银鲫鱼苗培育.孵化水泥池培育鱼苗规格为(1.67±0.15) ～(1.76±0.16)cm,成活率可达71.13%;传统池塘培育鱼苗规格可达(2.16±0.14)～(2.10±0.137)cm,成活率为61.7%;两种不同系统生产的鱼苗均规格均匀、体质健壮、逆水流动能力强,病畸率低