Retrieval of column-averaged volume mixing ratio of CO2 with ground-based high spectral resolution solar absorption

The total column-averaged volume mixing ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide （Xco2） has been retrieved with high spectral resolution solar absorption data obtained from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer （FTS） measurements at Xichong, a coastal site in the district of Shenzhen in southern China. Based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） theory, the Xco2 was retrieved by finding the best match of observed high spectral resolution solar absorption data and monochromatic radia- tion transfer model calculations. The averaged Xco2 in the whole observation period was about 394.9 ppm. The uncertainty of the retrieval was estimated to be 2.0 ppm （0.51%） by comparing retrievals at two bands. The preliminary results show that Xc% retrieved by this method can be used to validate satellite remote sensing of Xco2.     

拉曼雷达测量大气二氧化碳浓度回波信号误差分析

拉曼雷达探测二氧化碳的后向散射回波信号十分微弱,有效分析信号的误差非常重要. 从理论上分析了拉曼激光雷达探测二氧化碳气体的回波信号误差的计算方法,推导计算了二氧化碳浓度信号的混合比,得到了影响信号误差的3种因素,并对各因素进行了理论计算,从实验上对信号误差进行了数据验证. 将理论值与实验数据进行对比,确定信号采集过程中造成的数据误差小于10%,并随距离的增加而增加;大气透过率相对函数的误差约为2%;标定常数的误差小于5%.      

CO2在转炉冶炼中低碳铬铁过程中的探索性应用

探索了一种采用转炉由高碳铬铁“一步法”冶炼中低碳铬铁的新工艺。该工艺与氩氧混吹脱碳法( Argon Oxygen De-carburization,AOD)类似,不同之处在于用CO2代替氩气作为搅拌气体吹入熔池。实验结果表明：采用CO2对高、中碳铬铁脱碳是可行的;在高碳铬铁冶炼中碳铬铁初始阶段大量喷吹CO2能取得更好的脱碳效果,而在冶炼后期,高比例的O2适量添加CO2则更有利于脱碳,在当前实验条件下,较佳的脱碳气氛为25%CO2+75%O2(体积分数);CO2的引入对提高铬的回收率有积极作用,同时CO2含量越高,保铬效果越好。实验同时发现,CO2对高碳铬铁脱硫有积极作用。     

用于高性能超级电容器的基于蚕沙的二氧化锰/碳纳米复合材料

MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction. Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor, which was activated by ZnCl₂ and FeCl₃ combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere. Thin and flower-like MnO₂ nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. The obtained MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance (238 F·g?1 at 0.5 A·g?1) and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles. The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’ high specific surface area, multilevel hierarchical structure, and good conductivity. This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO₂-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.     

A hybrid hydrogel/textile composite as flame-resistant dress

Currently, the functional and cost-effective flame-resistant textiles(FRTs) are on high demand. However, such FRTs based on general polymer fabrics are always expensive, readily decompose, and their temperatures quickly rise once exposed to thermal environments. Inspired by the large specific heat of water and high decomposition temperature of inorganic substances like SiO₂, this study establishes a simple casting strategy for preparing flameresistant gel/textiles(FR-GTs). The finding...     

电极活化二氧化碳诱导合成碳酸二甲酯

 针对近年来利用甲醇和CO₂直接反应制备碳酸二甲酯研究中反应条件苛刻、工艺设备复杂、甲醇转化率低等不足问题,本文研制一种固碳溶液,其CO₂饱和质量浓度达0.528 g/mL;在固碳溶液中用电解的方式对CO₂进行活化,并在电解过程中不断补充CO₂至饱和,得到电解活化液;用碘甲烷作诱导剂,使其与甲醇在60℃回流120 min,制得碳酸二甲酯,纯度为99.0%,转化率为99.6%（以甲醇质量计）,反应过程环保、条件温和。     

Mg(Al)O催化环氧丙烷一步法合成碳酸二甲酯的研究

由水滑石焙烧制得镁-铝氧化物,使用镁-铝氧化物催化剂以环氧丙烷(PO)、二氧化碳和甲醇为原料一步催化合成了碳酸二甲酯(DMC)并联产碳酸丙烯酯(PC)和丙二醇(PG).实验表明,n(Mg)/n(Al)=8的水滑石经773 K焙烧后得到的催化剂对一步合成具有最佳的催化性能.在反应温度433 K和压力6 MPa下,使用镁-铝氧化物催化剂反应10 h后PO转化率达到100%,DMC选择性为20.2%.     

POMs/TiO2复合催化剂光催化降解染料废水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法表面修饰TiO2制备了几种POMs/TiO2复合光催化剂,考察了催化剂在紫外光照射下对模拟染料废水(茜素红溶液)的光催化降解行为.结果表明:POMs/TiO2复合催化剂较纯TiO2光催化降解茜素红活性明显提高,其中复合催化剂Cr3OSiW12/TiO2光催化降解模拟染料废水(茜素红溶液)效果最佳.反应最佳条件:催化剂为Cr3OSiW12/TiO2,多酸质量分数为0.5%,催化剂用量为15 mg,茜素红溶液浓度为0.1mmol/L.茜素红降解质量分数可达74.6%.     

金属负载活性炭催化氧化处理印染废水

用自制金属负载活性炭催化剂（Cu／AC、Fe／AC、Ni／AC、Mn／AC）对印染废水进行了空气和ClO2催化氧化实验比较，并对影响催化氧化效果的几个因素：不同活性成分、pH值、反应时间、催化剂投加量进行了分析。结果表明：在pH为5．7、反应时间为60min、载铜活性炭催化剂投加量6g／L、ClO2投加量40mg／L时，催化氧化效果最佳，CODCr去除率可达80％以上。     

二氧化碳气体水合物生成特性的实验研究

在小型高压水合物反应装置上研究了二氧化碳水合物的生成特性.实验结果表明,静态系统下,二氧化碳气体在纯水体系中的生成速率非常缓慢,只在气-液界面处有一薄层浆状水合物生成.通过添加适当的表面活性剂可以有效改善气-水体系的传质阻力,增加气-水接触面,显著提高水合物的生成速率.