布洛的心理距离说与矛盾修饰美

试图用布洛的美学审美原则——心理距离说来赏析英语中的矛盾修辞格．矛盾修辞法用两种不相协调、甚至截然相反的特征来形容同一项事物．通过运用“心理距离说”的审美原则审视矛盾修辞格,发现正是这两种对立成分的巧妙结合与读者大脑沉淀下来的逻辑产生距离,激发了读者进一步在矛盾中寻求哲理的欲望,达到奇警隽永的修辞效果．     

高速船碰撞危险模型

利用船舶避碰几何的数学方法,建立高速船碰撞危险范围数学模型,并对高速船的碰撞危险范围进行预测,得出高速船碰撞危险范围与船速比及dCPA之间的关系及变化规律,使船舶驾驶人员迅速了解与高速船舶可能发生碰撞的区域,提高判断碰撞危险的效率.     

近断层地震动峰值加速度特性研究

在收集了世界范围内自由场地的近断层地震记录基础上,综合考虑台站场地和震级的差别,应用统计分析方法对近断层地震动的峰值加速度的衰减关系进行了研究,并与实际记录进行了比较,发现场地和震级的共同作用对近断层地震动的影响是显著的,为进一步的研究提供了参考.     

非线性等距算子的特征

讨论了无穷维Banach空间中非线形等距算子的特征.在像空间是严格凸的要求下,证明只要f:X→Y保持距离a,b,ma nb,其中a,b∈R ,m,n∈N,则f一定是一个等距算子.这个结果在一定意义下回答了著名的Aleksandrov问题.     

爆炸荷载作用下钢管混凝土柱的有限元分析

对于重要的建筑物和防护结构,通常都要考虑爆炸冲击荷载的作用,目前钢管混凝土已被广泛地应用于工程结构中.为研究爆炸荷载作用下钢管混凝土柱的力学性能,采用非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LSDYAN对方钢管混凝土柱在表面爆炸荷载作用下的反应进行了数值模拟.混凝土采用HJC模型,钢管采用考虑应变率的随动硬化塑性模型.分析了折合距离为1.0时柱子的破坏形态和不同折合距离时关键点的位移反应.研究表明,折合距离为1.0时,尽管内填混凝土破坏严重,但钢管能约束混凝土的横向变形,表现出良好的延性,抗爆性能优越.且随着折合距离的增大,柱子变形明显减小.     

DNA编码的模型分析

提出了适应DNA计算的DNA编码问题.对等码长的DNA编码问题的数学模型进行分析.以优化码长作为目标,分析了约束条件.以杂交反应为核心将约束条件分为基本约束和控制生化实验的约束,而控制生化实验的约束包含组合约束和热力学约束.控制移动不匹配的下值才能控制杂交反应,由此改进了移动距离.引入窗口距离解决了错配总量和分布的控制问题.     

成本视角下全要素能源生产率评价与解构

本文依据中国"低成本"竞争模式,基于"要素价格"和"多产出"的双约束,构建一种新型的全要素能源生产率指数,并沿着"要素价格-成本权衡-区域能源效率变化"的逻辑链条,从成本视角对全要素能源生产率指数解构,探寻中国区域能源效率的时空分布特征以及根本动因,研究表明:1)要素价格扭曲的"低成本"策略通过技术效率和要素配置效率影响全要素能源生产率的变动,且后者逐渐成为影响我国区域全要素能源生产率指数变动的关键因素.2)就全国而言,能源利用效率和能源配置效率在节能减排政策实施前后有显著的跳跃性增长,说明市场化进程加快、节能减排政策实施能显著提高我国整体能源利用效率和配置效率.3)东部地区能源利用效率表现较好,但因要素市场扭曲程度较高,能源配置效率相对较低;中西部地区技术水平较低,但要素市场扭曲程度相对较小,短期内市场化改革决定的要素配置效率对区域全要素能源生产率提升更重要。     

Newton and action at a distance between bodies—A response to Andrew Janiak's “Three concepts of causation in Newton”

This article responds to Professor Andrew Janiak's recent attempt to defend the proposition that Isaac Newton did not believe in action at a distance between bodies (or any other kind of substance) (Janiak, 2013). His argument rests on a distinction between “three concepts of causation in Newton”, which leads him to conclude that although Newton did not believe in action at a distance between bodies, he was able to accept that gravity was a “distant action”. I critically examine Janiak's arguments here, and the historical evidence he brings to bear upon it, and argue that Professor Janiak's latest claims do nothing to undermine the view to which he is opposed, namely, that Newton did believe in the possibility of action at a distance between bodies.     

Avian mortality due to power lines in the Canary Islands with special reference to the steppe-land birds

Biodiversity is being lost worldwide at an increased rate particularly as the result of human activities and infrastructure. Avian mortality through collision with power lines has been an important topic in animal ecology research, but studies of this kind have never been undertaken in the Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago located near the northwest African coast that has important seabird colonies, several endemic bird species and endemic races of steppe-land birds of conservation concern. During two contrasting periods in 2008 (breeding vs post-breeding), a total of 366 km of power lines were surveyed on this archipelago covering the entire distributional range of the most important steppe-land bird species (i.e. 232 km, Fuerteventura; 134 km, Lanzarote). In all, 310 carcasses representing 23 families and 26 species were detected. We estimated with distance Sampling that 25.5% and 6.3% of individuals of the total population of Houbara bustards, Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae, and Eurasian stone curlews, Burhinus oedicnemus insularum, respectively, were killed in a year. We encourage the Canary Islands authorities (Consejería de Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias) to try to minimize the Houbara bustard collision rate, particularly in the northern plains of Lanzarote (i.e. Jables de Famara), as a means to reduce mortality of this emblematic species in this insular environment.     

一种基于度量距离学习的图像检索方法

CBIR系统由于受图像低层特征的限制,制约了它的检索效果。机器学习和统计方法是一种有效的提高检索性能的方法,但通常需要大量的训练样本才能达到满意的检索精度。提出一种理想的距离度量函数,在对图像进行简单分类并提供少量训练样本的基础上,通过类的距离度量矩阵M的学习来考虑分量之间的相关性。这个度量导入二次最佳化问题的解,将训练样本类结构的倾斜最小化。试验结果表明,该方法能在学习样本极少的情况下提高检索的性能。