表面肌电在攀岩训练中的应用研究

肌肉疲劳产生过程中,肌电图的振幅和频谱指标均会产生相应变化.运用肌电图对运动员肌肉状态指标的评定可以对运动训练起指导作用.肌电图在攀岩领域的应用还比较少,通过对攀岩运动员在间歇训练法训练时的上肢主要做功肌肉左右腕屈肌、左右腕伸肌的的表面肌电信号(sEMG)进行分析,观察肌电图的变化情况,探讨肌电图在攀岩运动过程中应用的可行性.     

黄鼠冬眠和活跃状态心肌钙调节的实验分析

研究了冬眠状态黄鼠与活跃状态黄鼠心肌在Rynodine，CD^2 和低[Na ]。作用下动作电位和收缩力的变化。实验表明黄鼠能随活动状态的不同而改变钙调节方式，在冬眠状态主要通过增强内源钙的利用进行钙调节。     

少年中长跑运动员肌肉损伤的综合性防治

根据多年训练经验,把训练、恢复和中西医结合治疗作为防治肌肉损伤的综合手段,从而达到促进运动训练,提高运动水平,为少年运动员训练科学化提供参考依据。     

江苏女子自行车运动员下肢肌力特征研究

为探讨女子自行车运动员下肢肌力特征,利用Cybex6000等速测力系统,对江苏省女子自行车队15名队员单侧膝关节进行测试。结果显示:峰力矩和平均功率明显偏低,180/s和240/s间动力学指标无显著差异(p>0.01),膝关节屈伸肌比值在50%水平,没有出现随运动员速度提高而升高的趋势。提示江苏女子自行车运动员膝关节肌群力量偏低,训练重应点在基础和绳肌上。     

心理训练在篮球教学中的作用

现代篮球教学训练是对运动员体力、技术、心理和智力等因素的共同开发,心理因素对创造运动成绩起着重要作用.本文旨在用试验结果和教学经验制定的综合心理训练方法,丰富常规教学手段,并在篮球教学中提高心理训练的作用提出建议.     

金沙江水系鱼体中稀土元素环境背景值研究

采用等离子发射光谱法测定了金沙江水系鱼体肌肉中十个稀土元素的含量。根据统计方法提供了金沙江水系鱼体中稀土元素环境背景值。它们分别是:La 0.064mg·kg~(-1),Ce 0.156mg·kg~(-1),Pr 0.080mg·kg~(-1),Nd 0.025mg·kg~(-1),Eu 0.002mg·kg~(-1),Dy 0.009mg·kg~(-1),Er 0.019mg·kg~(-1),Yb 0.007mg·kg~(-1)和Y 0.015mg·kg~(-1)。结果表明:金沙江水系鱼体肌肉中稀土元素含量与江水中溶解态稀土元素含量有关。同时获得了该水系十个稀土元素的生物富因子。     

Functional investigations of exercising muscle: a noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy-magnetic resonance imaging approach

Muscle fatigue, which is defined as the decline in muscle performance during exercise, may occur at different sites along the pathway from the central nervous system through to the intramuscular contractile machinery. Historically, both impairment of neuromuscular transmission and peripheral alterations within the muscle have been proposed as causative factors of fatigue development. However, according to more recent studies, muscle energetics play a key role in this process. Intramyoplasmic accumulation of inorganic phosphate (P_i) and limitation in ATP availability have been frequently evoked as the main mechanisms leading to fatigue. Although attractive, these hypotheses have been elaborated on the basis of experimental results obtained in vitro, and their physiological relevance has never been clearly demonstrated in vivo. In that context, noninvasive methods such as 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface electromyography have been employed to understand both metabolic and electrical aspects of muscle fatigue under physiological conditions. Mapping of muscles activated during exercise is another interesting issue which can be addressed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Exercise-induced T2 changes have been used in order to locate activated muscles and also as a quantitative index of exercise intensity. The main results related to both issues, i.e. the metabolic and electrical aspects of fatigue and the MRI functional investigation of exercising muscle, are discussed in the present review.Received 4 September 2003; received after revision 4 December 2003; accepted 22 December 2003     

肌肉力量衰退与中老年人的力量训练

从生理生化角度分析了肌肉力量的生长发育规律,以及肌肉中肌纤维和结缔组织的自然衰退规律,阐述了中老年肌肉力量锻炼的必要性与可行性,提出了中老年人进行肌肉力量训练应强化Ⅱ型肌纤维、易衰退肌肉和柔韧性的训练等建议。     

Frequency-dependent effect of verapamil on rat soleus muscle

Summary In the presence of verapamil (0.1 mM) rat soleus muscle fibers failed to generate action potentials with overshoots. In fibers with their V_m set to a local level of –90 mV, verapamil produces a gradual reduction in the amplitude of the repetitive action potentials; this effect is more pronounced at high rates of stimulation (100 Hz). Our results suggest a local anesthetic action of this drug that could contribute with its calcium channel blocking effect to the diminished mechanical tension observed in the presence of the drug.Acknowledgments. We thank A. Losavio and M. Stefanolo for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from CONICET and SUBCYT, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Muscular Dystrophy Association, USA.     

Effects of nitric oxide on the contraction of skeletal muscle

A review of the literature suggests that the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on skeletal muscles fibers can be classified in two groups. In the first, the effects of NO are direct, due to nitrosation or metal nitrosylation of target proteins: depression of isometric force, shortening velocity of loaded or unloaded contractions, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. The effect on calcium release channels varies, being inhibitory at low and stimulatory at high NO concentrations. The general consequence of the direct effects of NO is to ‘brake’ the contraction and its associated metabolism. In the second group, the effects of NO are mediated by cGMP: increase of the shortening velocity of loaded or unloaded contractions, maximal mechanical power, initial rate of force development, frequency of tetanic fusion, glucose uptake, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration; decreases of half relaxation time of tetanus and twitch, twitch time-to-peak, force maintained during unfused tetanus and of stimulus-associated calcium release. There is negligible effect on maximal force of isometric twitch and tetanus. The general consequence of cGMP-mediated effects of NO is to improve mechanical and metabolic muscle power, similar to a transformation of slow-twitch to fast-twitch muscle, an effect that we may summarize as a ‘slow-to-fast’ shift.