Endogenous oscillatory activity and TTX-sensitive spikes of the heart muscle in early juveniles of the isopod crustaceanLigia exotica

The heart beat of early juveniles of the littoral isopodLigia exotica occurred at a frequency of 250 to 350/min, associated with rhythmic activity of the heart muscle. Each burst was composed of a slow depolarizing potential with superimposed spike potentials. The spike potential was eliminated by perfusion with TTX-containing or Na⁺-free saline. In TTX-saline, the slow potential was unchanged in frequency and amplitude. By current injection into the heart muscle, the rhythm of the slow potential was phase-shifted and its frequency was changed in a membrane potential-dependent manner. These results show that the heart ofLigia early juveniles acts as an endogenous muscle oscillator generating oscillatory slow potentials and Na⁺-dependent spikes.     

一种豚鼠心室肌单细胞膜片钳标本制备方法

首次报道一种改良豚鼠心室肌单细胞标本制备方法．运用此方法能获取２０％～６０％的具钙耐受性的心室肌细胞．全细胞记录显示其静息电位和动作电位时程分别为（－６９．７±３．２）ｍＶ（ｎ＝７０）和（５１５±１１６）ｍｓ（ｎ＝２５），同时能检测到多种电压敏感型离子通道电流．以上结果与国外同类报道一致     

血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞间的信息传递

血管内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞之间存在着肌内皮间缝隙连接，进行电和化学的信息传递，以协调血管的舒缩活动。电信号可以从内皮细胞到平滑肌细胞进行传递，相反，也可以从平滑肌细胞到内皮细胞进行传递。内皮源性超极化因子、乙酰胆碱、缓激肽、第二信使等物质亦可引起内皮细胞或，和平滑肌细胞细胞膜的超极化或去极化，参与血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞间的信息传递。     

催产素对蟾蜍离体坐骨神经-腓肠肌收缩的影响

采用常规方法剥离制备神经-腓肠肌标本，分别用浸有0.5％、1％和1.5％催产素的纱布浸润标本，浸润5min后，测量蟾蜍坐骨神经-腓肠肌的阈强度（mv）、收缩幅度（g）以及收缩潜伏期（ms），与放入正常任氏液作比较。经0.5％的催产素浸润后，腓肠肌的阈强度无明显变化，收缩幅度增大，且潜伏期时间缩短；经1％的催产素浸润后，腓肠肌的阈强度减小，收缩幅度增大，潜伏期时间相应缩短；而经1.5％浓度的催产素浸润后，腓肠肌的阈强度、收缩幅度以及潜伏期均无明显变化。较低浓度催产素可以提高骨骼肌收缩的兴奋性，但受药物剂量的限制。超过一定范围，骨骼肌收缩不随催产素浓度变化或随浓度增加骨骼肌的收缩能力相应减弱。     

MTMR14基因缺失促进小鼠成肌细胞增殖和分化

为研究磷酸肌醇磷酸酶肌管相关蛋白14(MTMR14)在骨骼肌发生中的作用,通过组织切片和细胞培养技术研究了MTMR14敲除对骨骼肌的组织结构、成肌细胞分化和增殖的影响.结果表明:MTMR14敲除小鼠的腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的结构较同窝野生型小鼠产生了明显变化,MTMR14敲除小鼠的成肌细胞的分化和增殖成肌小管过程较野生型显著加快.MTMR14基因敲除后小鼠肌管细胞中平均细胞核数显著增加.故MTMR14基因缺失/敲除导致骨骼肌组织结构异常,干扰了骨骼肌肌肉发生过程中的成肌细胞的增殖和分化.     

气动人工肌肉位置控制策略

针对气动人工肌肉位置控制系统,提出了两层滑模的变结构鲁棒控制策略,控制器的推导基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论.实验表明所设计的气动人工肌肉位置控制系统稳态控制精度可达到±0.2 mm,在负载质量和气源压力改变的情况下,稳态位置控制精度仍可达到±0.3 mm,实验结果证明了所提出方法的有效性和系统的鲁棒性.该研究为气动人工肌肉获得广泛的应用提供了理论依据.     

Understanding the importance of selenium and selenoproteins in muscle function

Selenium is an essential trace element. In cattle, selenium deficiency causes dysfunction of various organs, including skeletal and cardiac muscles. In humans as well, lack of selenium is associated with many disorders, but despite accumulation of clinical reports, muscle diseases are not generally considered on the list. The goal of this review is to establish the connection between clinical observations and the most recent advances obtained in selenium biology. Recent results about a possible role of selenium-containing proteins in muscle formation and repair have been collected. Selenoprotein N is the first selenoprotein linked to genetic disorders consisting of different forms of congenital muscular dystrophies. Understanding the muscle disorders associated with selenium deficiency or selenoprotein N dysfunction is an essential step in defining the causes of the disease and obtaining a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in muscle formation and maintenance. Received 13 July 2005; received after revision 9 September 2005; accepted 4 October 2005     

辅助训练对移动靶运动员伤病防治效果的观察

射击运动员长期进行静力性工作,易导致劳损性骨骼肌肉损伤。解决这一难题的关键在于射击移动靶运动员在专项训练课结束后,进行逆向牵拉及小力量练习训练。此类训练能有效地降低劳损的发生和发展,提高运动员的运动寿命。     

电刺激肌力控制的新技术

利用宽范围内变化的运动单位动作电位发放率和募集控制模式来调节骨骼肌的收缩力,克服了神经肌肉电刺激技术中一个长期存在的障碍。对于猫的腓肠肌,控制模式中运动单位的募集可以控制初始肌力的50%直至100%。对应于线性增加的募集,肌力响应也是线性的,而对应于发放率,肌力出现非线性饱和段。     

西宁地区青少儿骨龄评价

本文采用ＣＨＮ法对出生地为西宁地区的３０９５名７—１８岁汉族健康有少儿骨发育等级进行了评价，表明高原地区青少儿较同方法评定的平原青少儿骨发育成熟度明显延缓，这与测量身高、体重所得的结论一致并更加精确。本文建立的青海标准既是对全国标准的修正和补充、又是评价高原青少儿骨龄和发育水平等的重要依据。