小尺寸金属系统电导率的计算

运用量子统计要函数方法和久保公式分别计算一维金属线、二维金属薄膜的杂质散射电导率,计算结果表 尺寸金属系统的电导率跟金属系统上有关,具有量子尺寸效应。     

洪涝灾害中情绪反应的调查与研究

本研究运用自编《洪涝灾害中的情绪反应调查表》对安徽省四个特重灾区的160名受灾者进行了调查分析,主要研究洪涝灾害中情绪反应类型及其强度,探讨影响情绪反应强度的因素,考察情绪反应与受灾者的智力活动、个性特征、适应能力诸因素的相关性,从而提出洪涝灾害中情绪反应的干预策略,旨在为提高我国的防灾、抗灾、救灾工作水平并减少灾害给受灾者造成的心身影响提供科学的心理依据。     

Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health

Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain.     

Ecological long-term effects of cultigens becoming feral and of naturalization of non-native species

Transgenic cultigens may become feral as we know of some non-transgenic cultigens. The article explains two basic ways how cultigens become feral: through hybridization with a closely related wild plant and through revert to the wild-type. A long list of examples of cultigens becoming feral in Central Europe is presented. The process of becoming feral is compared to the naturalization of non-native species (Exotic Species Model). Ecological long-term effects of both cultigens becoming feral and non-native species being naturalized are discussed with special regard to the predictability of such events. The ecological aspects discussed in the article are as significant for transgenic cultigens as for non-transgenic cultigens.     

Triphasic vascular effects of thiol compounds and their oxidized forms on dog coronary arteries

The vascular effects of 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine, L-cysteine, glutathione (GSH), cystamine and oxidized GSH (GSSG) on the isometric tension of isolated dog coronary arterial strips were examined, and these effects were compared with the triphasic response induced by dithiothreitol (DTT); a rapid and weak contraction (phase A), an intervening slow relaxation (phase B) and a slowly-developing strong contraction (phase C) which we previously reported. The responses of the arteries induced by 2-mercaptoethanol, cysteamine and L-cysteine consisted of phases A, B and C. The order of contractile potency (ED₅₀ of phase C) was DTTL-cysteine>2-mercaptoethanolcysteamine, while the order of relaxant potency (ED₅₀ of phase B) was DTT>cysteamine2-mercaptoethanol. GSSG and cystamine mainly produced relaxation, which corresponded to phase B. The phase C contraction was specific to the reduced forms of thiols, except for GSH, which produced only relaxation. The participation of endothelial cells was not essential for the contracting or relaxing effects of the thiol compounds. The phase C contraction was depressed by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, while phase A was not. Therefore calmodulin-dependent protein kinases may participate in phase C, not in phase A.     

微极流体润滑条件下能量方程的推导及应用

为考察微极流体的热流体动力润滑特性,根据微极流体的基本理论和能量守恒与转换定律,推导了微极流体的能量方程;依据其润滑条件假设,得出了润滑条件下微极流体的能量方程的简化形式.以有限长滑动轴承为例,将所推导的能量方程与微极流体的雷诺方程和轴瓦热传导方程联立进行数值求解,得到油膜及轴瓦的温度分布.结果表明:采用微极性流体润滑,其油膜及轴瓦的温度均比采用牛顿流体有所升高,流体的微极性越强,温度升高越明显.     

用频域法识别桥梁的模态参数

根据大型土木结构环境振动的特点,利用频域法对桥梁的模态参数进行识别,详细阐述了峰值检测法和复模态指示函数法识别桥梁模态参数的理论依据和实现方法,对比了两种方法各自的特点.利用香港汀九大桥的实测数据,辨识出了桥梁的模态参数,最后的辨识结果表明该方法在具体的工程应用中的有效性.     

大跨度斜拉桥地震反应MR阻尼器半主动控制

应用新研制的MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器对大跨度斜拉桥的地震反应实施半主动控制．建立了多点不同步地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥MR阻尼器控制的运动方程，采用子空间模态分析法建立了适合大跨度斜拉桥地震反应控制分析的瞬时最优控制算法，数值仿真结果表明，不同地震波激励下斜拉桥的反应幅值相差很大，且在天津波激励下的反应幅值最大，说明大跨度斜拉桥的地震反应对地震波的频谱特性十分敏感；当受El—Centro波激励时，主跨跨中顺桥向位移幅值降低57．0％，塔顶顺桥向位移幅值降低67．5％，主跨跨中竖向位移增大28．3％；行波效应对斜拉桥地震反应的控制效果影响明显，其中主跨跨中和塔顶顺桥向位移响应更加减小，而主跨跨中竖向位移会有所增加．     

动态超声彩色血流图像的计算机仿真

计算机仿真超声彩色血流图像，可以为各种超声彩色血流图像处理方法的性能比较提供有效的信号源．在仿真某一时刻静态超声彩色血流图像的基础上，根据给定的一个心动周期的最大血流速度曲线，计算出血管内的血流速度分布随时间的变化，对一个心动周期划分24时相，仿真出动态超声彩色血流图像。