田间增加UV-B辐射对丝瓜光合作用日变化及水分利用效率的影响

在自然条件下，增加不同强度的UV—B辐射，对攀援植物丝瓜叶片光合速率日变化和水分利用效率进行了研究，发现经增加R1强度UV—B辐射处理的丝瓜的净光合速率和蒸腾速率比对照上升了28％和33％，水分利用效率则下降了3．4％，而经增加R2强度UV—B辐射处理的丝瓜的净光合速率和蒸腾速率比对照上升了47％和13％，水分利用效率也上升了28％，且其光合作用不受午间强光的抑制，光合午休现象消失了．这表明，在该实验的UV—B强度下，丝瓜的光合作用不但未受抑制，反而还增强了，说明适当增加UV—B辐射对丝瓜的生长有利．     

Fluorescence and sensitization performance of phenylene-vinylene-substituted polythiophene

A new kind of polythiophene derivative, Poly(3-{2-[4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-phenyl]-vinyl}-2,2′-bithiophene) (PTh), was applied in dye-sensitized solar cell to extend the light response of nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were employed to investigate the interaction of PTh with nanocrystalline TiO2. The absorption coefficient of the PTh was high in visible part of spec- trum, and the fluorescence emission of the PTh can be efficiently quenched by TiO2 nanoparticles ow- i...     

Chinese kangs and building energy consumption

Chinese kangs are an integrated system for cooking, sleeping and heating in rural Northern China with more than 2000 years history. In 2004 there were 67 million Chinese kangs used by 44 million rural families or 174 million people. Chinese kangs store surplus heat from stove during cooking and releases it later for both home heating and localized bed heating. Such a widely used heating system has been rarely studied. Understanding kangs is important for developing new effective home heating systems for better energy efficiency and improving indoor air quality in Northern China. In this paper, we review and present some preliminary results from our field measurement and mathematical modeling, and discuss the development of Chinese kangs as related to future energy consumption in rural homes, and building energy consumption in China in general. We suggest that transition and new technologies for rural home heating in Northern China, i.e. the future of Chinese kangs, should be considered as the top priority in managing future building energy consumption in China. Supported by the grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Grant No. HKU 7154/05E) and National Natural Science Foundation of China 2007 Young Researcher Award (Grant No. 50729803) The work is also a part of the International Energy Agency Annex 44 project on Integrating Environmentally Responsive Elements in Buildings.     

Evaluating Efficiency of Decision Making Units with Network Structures

This paper considers the problem of evaluating efficiency of Decision Making Units （DMUs） with network structures of divisions by the Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） model. All divisions in the network are under a decentralized authority organiza- tion. That is, each division in a decision making unit has its own authority to adjust its input and output. By incorporating the division operations in the DEA model, we discuss the sufficient and necessary conditions for a DMU to be network efficient in series structure and general structure respectively.     

水资源效率评价指标体系探讨

在总结国内外有关水资源利用效率研究的基础上,分析影响水资源利用效率的主要因素,阐述水资源利用效率评价内涵及主要内容,通过Delph方法进行水资源利用效率评价指标体系构建,选取综合、农业、工业、生活用水效率与生态环境5方面作为准则层,提出万元GDP用水量、去气候变异化农业用水效率、水资源可持续性指数、单方水COD含量等6个指标.     

基于相位编码的高效量子密钥分配方案

提出了一种新的单向量子密钥分配方案.该方案利用光子的两列子波之间相位差关系形成的干涉结果进行编码,并且利用与干涉结果独立的光子偏振态进行窃听检测.并对该方案的效率和安全性进行了分析.理论分析表明,该方案的光子利用率为100%,而经典通信量仅约为BB84方案的一半,信息传输效率约为2n/(3n+4),高于BB84方案25%的效率值,随着传输光子数n的增大,效率值将趋近于66.7%.而且,该方案对于截获重发、测量重发、纠缠测量等常见的攻击,都具有很好的安全性.此外,对于现在的技术而言,该方案较易实现.     

单晶硅片化学机械抛光材料去除特性

根据化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中硅片表面材料的磨损行为,建立了硅片CMP时的材料去除率模型,设计了不同成分的抛光液并进行了材料去除率实验,得出了机械、化学及其交互作用所引起的材料去除率.结果表明,磨粒的机械作用是化学机械抛光中的主要机械作用,磨粒的机械作用与抛光液的化学作用交互引起的材料去除率是主要的材料去除率.     

低碳源浓度条件下聚磷菌特性

从北京城市排水集团高碑店污水处理厂二沉池回流污泥中分离获得两株高效聚磷菌株,确定出稀释倒平板分离技术更有利于聚磷微生物的筛选.经形态特征及生理生化实验初步鉴定为不动杆菌属(acinetobacter sp.).确定出A、E两菌的最优碳源选择分别为乙酸钠和谷氨酸钠;并在降低碳源质量浓度,即COD小于100 mg.L-1的条件下进行最佳生长条件优化:A、E两菌的最适pH值分别为8和7,最适温度分别为20℃和25℃;金属镁、钾和锰离子对聚磷微生物具有积极促进作用.聚磷微生物呈现出较好的厌氧放磷、好氧摄磷的特性.     

微通道反应器内富氢重整气中CO选择性甲烷化净化

将4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2双金属催化剂均匀涂布到微通道反应器中,运用CO选择性甲烷化方法来净化富氢重整气中的CO。考察了焙烧温度、催化剂的涂布方法和CTAB/Zr的比例对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明：CTAB/Zr=0.35、350 ℃焙烧所制备的催化剂表现出良好的低温活性。反应温度240 ℃时可将CO的出口浓度降低到11 ppm,在温度240～300 ℃、空速13000～20000 h-1的范围内CO的转化率都可达99%以上,CO2的转化率不超过7%。     

利用压电补片修补裂纹板的效能分析

采用有限元方法分析多层压电补片修补裂纹板的应力强度因子,研究压电补片的电压、压电片层数、几何尺寸等参数对裂纹板应力强度因子的影响,并据此评价采用压电补片修补中心裂纹板后的修补效能。结果表明,利用压电补片修补后的裂纹板,其裂纹尖端的应力强度因子显著降低。适当增大电压可以获得理想的修补效果,但过高的电压可能不利;在电压相同和补片厚度一定的条件下,增多补片的压电片层数有利于提高修补效能;在一定范围内增大补片的几何尺寸也可提高修补效能,但尺寸超过一定限度后继续增大,对修补效能的进一步提高效果甚微。