反硝化菌株GW1的筛选及特性研究

研究利用反硝化培养基,从实验室厌氧反硝化颗粒污泥中分离、筛选出1株反硝化优势菌株GW1,通过16SrDNA序列分析对其初步鉴定,并研究了温度、pH值、碳源、碳氮比和硝酸盐氮质量浓度对菌株GW1反硝化特性的影响。研究结果表明,菌株GW1的16SrDNA基因序列与Paracoccus versutus有最大相似性,达到99.9%,Genebank登录序列号为GU111570;分离菌株呈革兰氏阳性;最佳反硝化条件:丁二酸钠为碳源,温度为35～40℃,pH值为7.0～8.0,建议工程应用碳氮比为3∶1(质量比)。该菌株特性的研究为解决反硝化速率过慢问题提供了技术支持。     

新疆泥火山群土壤细菌群落的DGGE分析

采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱技术,对新疆乌苏泥火山区土壤细菌群落的16S rDNA V3区进行电泳分离,并用Quantity one软件对图谱进行聚类分析,对主要条带进行回收测序.DGGE图谱显示,各土样细菌的组成有显著差异.聚类分析表明,相同月份、不同深度土样细菌组成相近.特异条带的回收测序结果表明,假单胞菌属是泥火山土壤优势菌群.新疆泥火山区土壤细菌多态性明显,并容易受生态、气候等因素影响,但优势菌群受此影响较小.     

Direct competition Between mimosine and deoxythymidine triphosphate at the site of DNA replication

Mimosine, a plant amino acid, is a reversible cell cycle inhibitor. Biochemical studies have indicated that mimosine may act at multiple levels near the Gl/S interface. By using mi-croinjection technique, it is shown that mimosine can also inhibit the replication of Xenopus ribo-some DNA (rDNA) plasmid reversibly. The high structure similarity between mimosine and thymine of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) indicates that a direct competition may occur at the origin of DNA replication to prevent the chain elongation.     

降解柴油的耐盐酵母菌的鉴定及性质研究

从胜利油田被石油污染的土壤中分离到一株能降解柴油的酵母菌YH—41。根据形态学特征、生理生化特征和分子生物学方法对其进行了鉴定。利用紫外分光光度法测定了该菌对柴油的降解率。通过单因素试验及正交试验确定了该菌对柴油的最适降解条件为pH6、温度30℃、通气量(锥形瓶容积)500 mL、接种量(OD600)3 mL。克隆了该菌的18S rDNA序列并进行测序,以18S rDNA序列同源性为基础构建了相关属种的系统发育树。结果表明YH—41与假丝酵母属(Candida)的奥默毕赤酵母(Pichia ohmen)的单倍体极接近。经优化菌体对柴油的降解率达到46.8%。经GC-MS分析可知,该菌种对柴油有很好的降解能力。     

室内饲养松墨天牛幼虫不同肠段细菌的群落结构及功能分析

[目的]了解室内饲养松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)幼虫前、中、后肠段细菌的群落结构,比较不同肠段之间菌群多样性和优势菌群的差异,为揭示肠道细菌在松墨天牛获取营养、克服寄主植物化学防御的机理提供参考.[方法]分别提取室内饲养的松墨天牛4龄幼虫前、中、后肠各3组样本(每组5个前肠、5个中肠、5个后肠...     

Revision of the smiling worms,genus Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862, and description of a new species,Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. (Prosorhochmidae,Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Florida and Belize

A new species of Prosorhochmus is described from Belize and Florida based on morphological, reproductive and sequence data. Similar to Prosorhochmus nelsoni (Sanchez, 1973 Sanchez, M. 1973. Sobre 4 especies de nemertinos de Quintero (Chile) [On the four nemertean species from Quintero (Chile)].. Studies on Neoropical Fauna, 8: 195–214. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. is gonochoric and oviparous; all other species of Prosorhochmus are viviparous hermaphrodites. Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. differs from P. nelsoni by having significantly larger stylets and different arrangement of acidophilic cephalic glands. Sequence divergence between the two is 7.4% (16S) and 9.1% (COI), comparable to divergence from the viviparous hermaphroditic species. Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862 Keferstein, W. 1862. Untersuchungen über niedere Seethiere [Studies on lower marine animals].. Zeitschrift für Wissenschafliche Zoologie, 12: 1–147. German [Google Scholar] is revised based on re‐evaluation of the type and voucher material as well as fresh specimens collected by us. We conclude that Prosorhochmus adriaticus Senz, 1993 Senz, W. 1993. Nemertinen europäischer Küstenbereiche (Nebst ergänzenden Angaben zur Anatomie von Apatronemertes albimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974) [Nemerteans of the European shores (with additional data on anatomy of Apatronemertes albimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974)].. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums, Series B, 94/95(B): 47–145. German [Google Scholar] is insufficiently described and cannot be distinguished from Prosorhochmus claparedii Keferstein, 1862 Keferstein, W. 1862. Untersuchungen über niedere Seethiere [Studies on lower marine animals].. Zeitschrift für Wissenschafliche Zoologie, 12: 1–147. German [Google Scholar]. We re‐establish Prosorhochmus korotneffi Bürger, 1895 Bürger, O. 1895. Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres‐Abschnitte [The nemerteans of the Gulf of Naples and adjacent waters]. Fauna and Flora der Solfes von Neapel.. 22: 1–743. German [Google Scholar] from its previous synonymization with P. claparedii and designate it as type species of Arhochmus gen. nov.     

16S rDNA和recA-gene对乳酸菌Ⅱ32的鉴定

对乳酸菌Ⅱ32进行了生化实验.以菌株Ⅱ32的总DNA为模板,采用细菌通用的引物,对其16S rDNA进行特异扩增,并进行序列测定,将测定结果与GenBank DNA数据库中已知菌种的16S rDNA序列通过BLAST软件进行分析比较,初步确定该菌株为戊糖乳酸菌、植物乳杆菌或类植物乳杆菌.采用recA-gene约300bp的特异扩增片段最终确定乳酸菌Ⅱ32为类植物乳杆菌.     

西沙野生诺尼内生细菌群落多样性初步研究

采用构建16S rDNA克隆文库方法,首次对我国海南永兴岛西沙野生诺尼果内生细菌的群落结构和多样性进行初步研究.首次采用Mothur软件对诺尼果内生细菌克隆文库数据进行分析,构建Mothur软件数据分析平台.构建的西沙野生诺尼果内生细菌16S rDNA克隆文库中,93个克隆分属于12个不同可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTU),序列比对结果表明大部分克隆与已知细菌16S rDNA序列相似性较高.分别属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的Alpha、Beta、Gamma亚群,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).水库杆菌属(Piscinibacter sp.)细菌为野生诺尼果内生细菌优势菌群.优势菌属分别为水库杆菌属(Piscinibacter sp.)为80.65%,蛋白胨菌属(Peptoniphilus sp.)和链球菌属(Streptococcus sp.)均为3.23%,甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium sp.)为2.15%.研究结果表明西沙野生诺尼果中存在较为丰富的内生细菌资源,将为进一步研究奠定理论基础.     

仁扇舟蛾幼虫肠道可培养细菌群落结构分析

[目的]了解仁扇舟蛾(Clostera restitura)肠道共生细菌的主要类群及其群落结构特征,明确仁扇舟蛾幼虫前、中和后肠可培养细菌的种类及群落结构组成,为进一步研究特异功能细菌的生理生化特征和功能提供基础.[方法]选取仁扇舟蛾5龄幼虫进行肠道解剖,分离前、中和后肠不同肠段,研磨稀释10-1～10-6,分别涂布于...     

香精香料废水降解微生物的筛选及鉴定

山东省某家香精香料厂废水中主要有机污染物是芳香族化合物,以叔丁基苯酚最难降解。为了筛选香精香料废水降解微生物,实验采集上述香精香料厂好氧曝气池的活性污泥为样本,以叔丁基苯酚为唯一碳源,进行筛选并分离出一株能降解废水的微生物。对该微生物的形态、生理生化特征进行鉴定,并对它的16S rDNA基因序列进行分析比对。结果表明,该菌株属于类球红细菌属(Rhodobacter sp.),适应偏盐性和适当芳香有机物的废水环境中生长并能有力地降解废水中的叔丁基苯酚。研究认为该菌株在有关废水处理方面的贡献难以估量。