Cardiolipin, the heart of mitochondrial metabolism

Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid, which is almost exclusively localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it is synthesized from phosphatidylglycerol and cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol. After primary synthesis, the mature acyl chain composition of cardiolipin is achieved by at least two remodeling mechanisms. In the mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin plays an important role in energy metabolism, mainly by providing stability for the individual enzymes and enzyme complexes involved in energy production. Moreover, cardiolipin is involved in different stages of the mitochondrial apoptotic process and in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cardiolipin alterations have been described in various pathological conditions. Patients suffering from Barth syndrome have an altered cardiolipin homeostasis caused by a primary deficiency in cardiolipin remodeling. Alterations in cardiolipin content or composition have also been reported in more frequent diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we provide an overview of cardiolipin metabolism, function and its role in different pathological states. Received 16 January 2008; received after revision 26 February 2008; accepted 26 March 2008     

人工智能:统治人类还是服务人类?——基于历史唯物主义的思考

人工智能引起了社会各界的高度关注,并正在广泛而深刻地影响着社会生活.人们在享受人工智能带来的好处和便利的同时,也对人工智能的风险产生了巨大的担忧.人工智能究竟会统治人类还是服务人类?历史唯物主义为这个问题提供了一个独特的思考视角.从历史唯物主义的视角看,人工智能的本质是人的本质力量的对象化,是人类实践活动的成果.人工智...     

极端嗜热微生物分子伴侣蛋白研究与嗜热功能蛋白质的规模化制备技术研究

极端微生物是丰富的资源宝库,有着巨大的生物技术开发前景。本文从特殊功能蛋白质的发现与表征、结构与功能及潜在性应用．以及特殊功能蛋白质的规模化制备技术两个方面,对极端微生物的资源开发与利用进行了探讨。重点介绍了极端嗜热古菌Pyrococcus furiosus分子伴侣蛋白系统的一些研究,并以P．furiosus胞外α-淀粉酶PFA为例,对工业生物技术领域重组蛋白质的规模化制备技术进行了讨论。     

随机生产中拖后需求的变质产品最优生产策略

针对部分短缺量拖后的变质产品,建立随机生产状态下的生产-库存模型.所谓随机生产状态,是指生产过程会随机地从一种可控状态向另一种不可控状态转移,当生产处于不可控状态时,会生产出一定比例的次品.其中,生产状态的转移服从均匀分布.通过生产-库存模型得到了随机生产状态下总成本函数,分析得到,该总成本函数是一个关于生产次数的凹函数,并由此提出了最优生产次数算法.最后给出了算例.算例结果表明,最优生产次数算法能够有效地将一个4n 1维的最优问题转化为一个一维问题,为变质商品的生产-库存决策提供了简便有效的方法.     

基于Profibus总线的薄膜生产线的设计

论文介绍了双向拉伸聚丙烯（BOPP）薄膜的生产方法及工艺流程,并根据控制要求设计了BOPP薄膜生产线控制系统.在上位机设计了基于WinCC的监控界面,便于系统调试和用户设定参数 在下位机以西门子CPU 414为控制器,应用Profibus总线控制其他功能模块（如变频器、ET200M等）,使得系统很好地满足生产线的自动控制要求.     

Indirect and direct acoustic aggression in cicadas: first observations in the Palaearctic genus Tibicina Amyot (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae)

Tibicina Amyot is a cicada genus of the Palaearctic biogeographical region with seven taxa (species and subspecies) distributed in France. As in other cicadas, the sound production by tymbal vibration is restricted to males. In Tibicina, males are attracted by conspecific calling songs and tend to form groups of several individuals which maintain a minimal distance between each other. Observations based upon male–male interactions in such aggregations and on some preliminary experiments conducted with males kept in captivity revealed for the first time both indirect and direct aggression. Spacing and chorusing are interpreted as a by-product of indirect aggression mediated through the calling song. Direct aggression occurred when spacing is not respected. It is achieved through a ritualistic sequence that involves mainly the production of the rivalry song, an acoustic signal previously reported in the literature for two cicada species only. In addition, satellite males and male–male courting are reported. These preliminary results suggest that the sound social organization in the genus Tibicina is more elaborate than first suspected and should be reconsidered in terms of lek behaviour and sexual selection.     

Forecast Combination and Bayesian Model Averaging: A Prior Sensitivity Analysis

In this study we evaluate the forecast performance of model‐averaged forecasts based on the predictive likelihood carrying out a prior sensitivity analysis regarding Zellner's g prior. The main results are fourfold. First, the predictive likelihood does always better than the traditionally employed ‘marginal’ likelihood in settings where the true model is not part of the model space. Secondly, forecast accuracy as measured by the root mean square error (RMSE) is maximized for the median probability model. On the other hand, model averaging excels in predicting direction of changes. Lastly, g should be set according to Laud and Ibrahim (1995: Predictive model selection. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 57 : 247–262) with a hold‐out sample size of 25% to minimize the RMSE (median model) and 75% to optimize direction of change forecasts (model averaging). We finally apply the aforementioned recommendations to forecast the monthly industrial production output of six countries, beating for almost all countries the AR(1) benchmark model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东坪基岩气藏气水相对渗透率的确定方法

东坪基岩气藏储层岩性差异大,非均质性强.孔缝发育区岩石松散,无法钻取完整的岩芯,而致密带几乎不渗透,无法通过驱替实验获取相对渗透率曲线,这成为困扰气藏动态分析和开发指标计算的难题.基于水驱气藏物质平衡原理,建立了不依赖水侵量的储层含水饱和度计算方法,避免了水侵量计算方法中的不确定因素,提高了含水饱和度计算的准确性.建立...     

水力喷射压裂技术在薄层底水油藏中的应用

常规压裂技术是一种传统的油井增产工艺技术;水力喷射压裂技术是一种集射孔、压裂、隔离为一体的新型增产工艺技术,具有穿透性强、伤害低、孔径大、定向准的特点,是油田油井储层改造的新技术。分析水力喷射压裂技术的基本原理、适用条件、技术特点及施工工艺等,通过对梁7-01和梁45-01等五口井的水力喷射压裂现场试验,结果表明可以在薄层底水油藏中应用且增产效果明显。     

平茬更新代次对杞柳生长及柳条产量和质量的影响

选择淮河低湿地不同平茬更新代次的杞柳林分,对其生长情况及柳条产量、质量进行调查,并对平茬更新代次的影响进行评价。结果表明:0～4代杞柳林分在叶面积指数、柳条平均直径和长度以及生物量方面均不存在显著差异;1代林分柳条分化严重,整齐度低,细弱型柳条(D<0.4 cm)比例达44%,需要在栽培过程中加以人工调控;4代林分柳条的整齐度较高,但产条数量较0～2代林分低20%以上,并且粗大型柳条(D>0.8 cm)所占比例略高于其他代次,建议在生产中采用1年2次收获的方式以增加中细型柳条的产量。