大气细菌种类变化规律研究初探

本文对大气微生物污染状况研究得出,齐市地区大气细菌主要由芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、氮单胞细菌属(Azomonas)、奈瑟氏球菌属(Neisscria)和大肠菌群(Coli—form bacteria)等6个群属组成,其中革兰氏阳性菌占总菌数的88.4％,革兰氏阴性菌占总菌数的11.6％,变化规律为1,3月份芽孢杆菌为优势菌,9,11月份葡萄球菌为优势菌.     

对蔗糖脂肪酸酯降低平酸菌芽孢耐热性的研究

为了探求降低罐头食品的杀菌强度,最大限度地保存食品营养成分,以中性磷酸盐为介质,配制成各种不同浓度的蔗糖脂肪酸酯溶液,混入平酸菌芽孢悬浮液,按 TDT 管法测定其耐热性。结果表明:蔗糖脂肪酸酯浓度在250～1000mg/L,加热温度在115～120℃范围内,可使平酸菌芽孢的致死时间缩短60%～79%,D 值降低65%～80%,杀菌值 F_0降低63%～75%左右。     

Osmotic adaptation of moderately halophilic methanogenic Archaeobacteria,and detection of cytosolicN,N-dimethylglycine

Methanohalophilus mahii SLP andMethanohalophilus halophilus Z-7982, two closely-related, moderately halophilic, methylotrophic methanogens, were tested for their adaptation to saline conditions. They grew in a wider range of salinities than previously reported, in a defined medium with as little as 0.1 M NaCl, and with a high as 4.0 M NaCl forM. halophilus and 4.5 M NaCl forM. mahii. Fastest growth occurred with 1.5 M NaCl forM. mahii and 1.0 M NaCl forM. halophilus. M. mahii also grew in media in which NaCl was replaced by sucrose or KCl as osmolytes up to the osmolal equivalent of 2 and 2.5 M NaCl (these media contained other sodium salts totaling about 0.1 M Na⁺). In media with either sucrose of KCl replacing NaCl,M. mahii grew fastest at osmolalities approximately equiosmolal to 1 M NaCl.M. mahii not only grew well at a wide range of osmosities, it also tolerated rapid shifts in osmolality. Cells subjected to a rapid 10-fold hypertonic shift resumed growth without a prolonged lag. When cells were subjected to a rapid 10-fold hypotonic shift, 90% of cells lysed, but the remaineder continued to swell with little further lysis during the next 45 min. Surviving cells resumed growth.Methanohalophilus strains grown in defined medium had low cytosolic Na⁺ concentrations; K⁺ concentrations were as high as 0.35 M. Organic osmotica in the cytosol include glycine betaine and larger amounts of N,N-dimethylglycine.     

酚降解菌的筛选及含酚废水处理研究

从土壤中分离得到可在含酚培养基上生长的细菌。通过菌种驯化,筛选出耐高浓度酚的菌株,在实验室条件下,进行对含酚废水的处理,其中部分菌株可分别在12～24小时内将1000毫克/升的苯酚完全去除。基质不同对酶活力大小有影响,在以苯酚为唯一碳源的基质中,多酚氧化酶活力最高。     

烟台海域发光细菌的分离鉴定

在烟台黄海海域所捕获的鱼的内脏和体表分离得到27株海洋发光细菌,经生理、营养和形态学的特性鉴定为三个种:Photobacterium Phosphoreum, Vibrio orientalis和V.splendidus biotype Ⅰ.其主要表型特征和已报道的相一致.根据文献,V.splendidus biotype Ⅰ属世界罕见,至今它是我国分离成功的第二株,V.prientalis,和V.splendidus biotype Ⅰ,此外,实验证明分布于整个黄海.     

文山州广南县农村饮用水源细菌总数和大肠菌群的检测

对文山州广南县9个具有代表性的农村饮用水源点进行细菌总数和大肠菌群的检测，初步了解云南省文山州广南县农村饮用水卫生状况。在选定的9个水源点进行水样采集，并用平板菌落计数法和多管发酵法分别对水样中细菌总数和大肠菌群进行检测。发现水样6和水样7细菌总数〈100个/mL，其余水样〉100个/mL；9个水样的大肠菌群均有检出。通过检测发现，所抽取9个饮用水水源均不符合我国饮用水卫生标准（GB5749-2006），不适宜直接饮用。     

光合细菌类胡萝卜素发酵的研究

首先，优化并确定了光合细菌培养基配方：以乳酸钠为碳源，谷氨酸钠为氮源，用酵母膏来替代微量元素和生长因子。在此基础上进一步确定了最佳发酵工艺条件：ｐＨ值７．０，温度３０ ℃，光照度８００ ｌｘ，微好氧培养，接种量１０％ 。在此条件下，经发酵试验取得较好的结果为：菌体干重为４．２ｇ／Ｌ，类胡萝卜素得率为２６．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ。     

微生物在城市污水处理系统中的应用前景

分析了我国水污染的现状,介绍了现行的生物污水处理方法,提出了微生物细菌的发展方向。     

1.4%治腐星膏剂及单剂对苹果树腐烂病菌抑制作用研究

通过对1.4%治腐星膏剂及硫磺、硫酸铜单剂和对照为5%菌毒清水剂做抑制苹果腐烂病菌室内毒力测定。结果是：Ec50分别为：122.0956、287.7784、385.0142、18.5541μg/ml，1.4%治腐星膏剂共毒系数为205.4095，增效倍数为1.051。表明硫磺和硫酸铜复配制剂对苹果腐烂病菌抑制作用明显提高，可以复配使用。