重组人睫状神经营养因子突变体的制备及PEG修饰

通过大肠杆菌重组表达人睫状神经营养因子突变体(CNTFm),并进行PEG修饰,旨在降低免疫原性.该突变体将天然CNTF的C端15个氨基酸删除,大肠杆菌表达的CNTFm以包含体形式存在,经复性、纯化获得纯度达到95%的目的蛋白.体内生物学活性测定结果显示,给药10 d,小鼠最大体重减少率达31%,产生的最高中和抗体滴度达到1:6 400; 经PEG修饰,CNTF突变体的生物学活性降低了34%,但最高中和抗体滴度降低到1:800.该PEG修饰后的CNTFm制备工艺有望为CNTF的临床应用开辟道路.     

Variation induced by DNA rearrangement in a transgenicBt+CpTI cotton strain

In the development of transgenicBt + CpTI cotton cultivars, one male and female sterile mutant has been found in a homozygous T₄ strain in our laboratory. The mutant plant, as well as its leaves, buds and flowers, is only 1/2–1/3 as large as that of the wild transgenicBt + CpTI bivalant cotton plants. Cytological observation found that the chromosome number of the mutant is 2n = 52; however, there are 4–8 univalents observed in meiosis I of pollen mother cells. Laboratory bioassay indicated that the mutant was highly resistant to bollworm as the wild plants. PCR amplification revealed thatBt andCpTI genes in the mutant were still intactly inserted. However, small deletion of flanked area had been observed in the mutant by Southern blotting analysis. So it is proposed that the mutant phenotype might result from either the DNA deletion or T-DNA transferring in plant genome. No such report has been presented that the rearrangement of chromosome structure in a homozygous transgenic line occurred. Further analysis is ongoing.     

高活力天冬氨酸酶的分离提纯及性质

采用基因工程技术构建具有较高活性的突变菌株 Ｔ３３， 以它为产酶菌株分离提取天冬氨酸酶， 并研究它的酶学特性． 结果表明， 分子量为 １９０ ０００． 最适反应 ｐ Ｈ＝ ８０， 最适反应温度为 ３７ ℃． 在ｐ Ｈ＝ ６０ 时， 该酶呈负协同效应； 在ｐ Ｈ＝ ８０ 时， 该酶呈正协同效应． 该酶α螺旋度为３６３％     

Construction and genetic analysis of mutator insertion mutant population in maize

A total of 26718 M1 plants were ob- tained by crossing the active mutator transposon donor parents (Q105, WW51, 115F, V26-2 and 919J) with the recipient parents (Hz85,W328 with Bz gene and S-Mo17Rf3Rf3). The phenotypes of M1 plants were observed in the field. M1 plants were self-pollinated to develop the mutator insertion-mutagenized M2 seeds. The transposition frequency of the mutator in the genome was calculated based on the spotted aleurone phenotype of the M2 seeds. The results showed that: (1) the mutation frequency of M1 phe- notypes in the field was 0.07 in the population of W328×Mu; (2) the mutation frequency of spotted aleurone seeds on the M2 ears was 0.122 in the population of W328×Mu; (3) five S-cytoplasm male-sterile plants were found among 22500 M1 plants of S-Mo17Rf3Rf3×Mu, with the transposition frequency about 2.2×10?4 per locus. 99 flanking se- quences of mutator transposition were amplified by the modified MuTAIL-PCR, and 59 non-redundant sequences with length around 400 bp were obtained. After bioinformatic analysis, 27 sequences of them could be annotated, using non-redundant nucleotide database of maize, rice, and Arabidopsis. 36 se- quences of them were located on the genetic map of maize by comparative genomics, and several flank- ing sequences of mutator insertion were mapped on the single marker locus. Hotspot sequences of mu- tator transposition were revealed by comparing the homologies between the 9-bp target site duplication of the mutator insertion. The putative functions of 8 flanking sequences of mutator transposition had identity with the functions of their correspondingmarker. The constructed mutator insertion mutant population in maize will facilitate the new gene discovery and functional genomics study in maize.     

转座子诱变甘蓝黑腐病菌所获胞外多糖突变体的类型

据对转转子Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５诱变甘蓝黑腐病民获得３９株胞外多糖突变休的３种胞外酶活性和在含２％葡萄ＮＹＧＡ培养基上的菌落形态的检测结果，将突变株分成５种类型。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明它们的突变位于基因组中的８个不同的位置，其中１个位于已鉴定的ｒｐｆ调控基因簇。     

抗菌药物对大肠杆菌防突变浓度研究

通过测定临床常用抗菌药物对大肠杆菌的防突变浓度(MPC)、耐药突变选择窗(MSW)、及耐药选择性指数(SI),为临床治疗提供抗菌药物用药参考,以降低细菌耐药情况的发生.方法:采用琼脂稀释法分别测定利福平、头孢羟氨苄、头孢地尼对大肠杆菌ATCC25922的MPC及SI.结果:利福平对大肠杆菌的MPC,MSW及SI分别为32μg/mL、12～32μg/mL、2.67;头孢羟氨苄的MPC,MSW及SI分别为30μg/mL、17～30μg/mL、1.76;头孢地尼的MPC、MSW及SI分别为0.5μg/mL、0.28～0.5μg/mL、1.78;结论:头孢地尼的抑菌效果明显高于其余两种药物,且其在较低浓度水平即可抑制耐药菌株的产生、防止耐药情况出现.     

坛紫菜色素突变体光合作用效率的比较研究

以野生型和5种不同色泽的坛紫菜色素突变体为研究对象,通过水下饱和脉冲荧光仪（DIVING-PAM）测定了不同色素突变体的光合作用参数,并测定了相应品系坛紫菜叶状体的4种主要光合色素（叶绿素（Chl.a）、藻红蛋白（PE）、藻蓝蛋白（PC）和别藻蓝蛋白（APC））的质量比。结果表明:坛紫菜不同色素突变体的光化学最大量子效率（Fv/Fm）、有效荧光产率（Y(Ⅱ)）、光化学淬灭系数（QP）和非光化学淬灭系数（QN)均表现出不同程度的差异,且没有明显的规律性,其中坛紫菜各品系藻体的Fv/Fm值均介于0.65~0.75之间,而Y(Ⅱ)值则随着光照强度的逐渐增强呈现为快速下降的趋势。光合作用参数和光合色素质量比的相关性分析结果则表明坛紫菜Fv/Fm值与各色素蛋白的质量比没有相关关系,却与w(Chl.a)/w(PC)和w(APC)/w(PC)极显著正相关;而Y(Ⅱ)除与w(Chl.a)/w(PC)和w(APC)/w(PC)极显著正相关外,还与w(PC)、w(APC)和w(Chl.a)极显著负相关。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌抗生素基因簇克隆及遗传体系建立

【目的】嗜线虫致病杆菌(Xenorhabdus)是昆虫病原线虫的共生菌,研究此共生菌分泌的抗菌活性的次级代谢产物基因蔟信息。【方法】通过直接PCR将目的基因簇分为数段扩增,利用天然酵母重组系统实现体外重组;同时采用果聚糖蔗糖转移酶基因sacB负筛选系统,通过两次同源臂重组构建基因敲除突变株,建立嗜线虫致病杆菌DSM 16338的遗传操作系统。【结果】成功获得推测目的基因簇;缺失所推测基因簇的3个相连基因,筛选到大片段缺失突变株GW2及调控基因敲除突变株GW4。【结论】利用高效的直接克隆方法获得了基因簇,成功对DSM 16338推测基因簇完成了基因中断,建立了该菌的遗传操作系统,为阐述此类细菌天然产物的生物化学多样性奠定了基础。     

谈谈遗传实验结果的分析

本文通过一组相关的实例,由浅入深地介绍某些遗传实验结果分析的方法。从这类分析中,学生既可以巩固基本的遗传学知识,又可以学习在科学研究中如何运用逻辑推理。     

黄化大麦与野生型大麦三种同工酶的比较研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺胶电泳，对黄化大麦和野生型大麦三种同工酶的对比研究结果表明，黄化大麦叶片与种子中的过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶的活性均高于野生型大麦；黄化大麦种子中酯酶同工酶的活性高于野生型大麦，但叶片中低于野生型大麦。