拟南芥抗旱突变体的筛选和鉴定

文章采用不同浓度的甘露醇模拟干旱胁迫,以发芽率为筛选指标在拟南芥突变体库中筛选抗旱突变体,筛选出2株候选突变体,最终得到1株稳定突变体vem1,通过表型和生理生化鉴定,确定为抗旱突变体。该研究为抗旱基因克隆及功能分析奠定基础,对于揭示植物抗旱的分子机理具有重要的理论意义。     

大麦类病斑突变体bspl1的遗传及生理生化分析

对甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变大麦品种ZJU3获得的一个类病斑突变体（bspl1）进行了遗传和生理分析. 遗传分析结果显示,该表型由隐性单基因控制;苗期叶片生理生化分析表明,bspl1中SOD、POD以及CAT的活性较野生型ZJU3均明显升高. 通过比较bspl1和野生型ZJU3在生理生化水平上的差异,推测类病斑的产生与叶片中活性氧的堆积相关.     

大麦类病斑突变体 bspl 1的遗传及生理生化分析

对甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变大麦品种ZJU3获得的一个类病斑突变体（bspl1）进行了遗传和生理分析。遗传分析结果显示,该表型由隐性单基因控制;苗期叶片生理生化分析表明,bspl1中SOD、POD以及CAT的活性较野生型ZJU3均明显升高。通过比较bspl1和野生型ZJU3在生理生化水平上的差异,推测类病斑的产生与叶片中活性氧的堆积相关。     

Isolation and characterization of rl（t）, a gene that controls leaf rolling in rice

Moderate leaf rolling is one of the most important morphological traits in rice breeding for plant ideotype. Previous studies have shown that the rl（t） gene has a high breeding potential for developing hybrid-rice varieties with an ideal ideotype, because it leads to an appropriate leaf rolling index （LRI） of about 30 % in the heterozygous state, and had a positive effect on grain yield. In this study, we isolated rl（t） and performed a preliminary investigation of its function in regulating leaf rolling in rice. DNA sequencing identified a single base change （G to T） in the finely mapped region （11 kb） containing rl（t）, and this is located in 3′-untranslated region （3′-UTR） of the only predicted gene, Roc5 （Rice outermost cell-specific）. The expression level of Roc5 is significantly higher in the rl（t） mutant than in the wild-type. Using RNAi and overexpression analysis, we found that the expression level of Roc5 correlated with LRI and leaf bulliform area, and wasalso associated with leaf abaxial or adaxial rolling. These results confirmed that Roc5 controls leaf rolling in a dosagedependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a conserved 17-nt sequence （called the GU-rich element） in the 3′-UTR of HD-GL2 （Homeodomain-Glabra2） family genes including Roc5. Based on the model of this element in regulating mRNA stability in mammals, we speculate that the single nucleotide change in this element accounts for the higher expression level of Roc5 in the rl（t） mutant compared to the wild-type, which ultimately leads to adaxial rolling of the leaf. This discovery further enhances our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf rolling in rice.     

Y-152和K-156在果蝇ADH催化中的作用

果蝇醇脱氢酶酪氨酸－１５２（Ｙ－１５２）和赖氨酸－１５６（Ｋ－１５６）处于同类脱氢酶的保守位点。经人工定点突变和酶动力学分析,前者的苯丙氨酸（Ｙ１５２Ｆ）、组氨酸（Ｙ１５２Ｈ）和谷氨酸突变体（Ｙ１５２Ｅ）及后者的异亮氨酸突变体（Ｋ１５６Ｉ）均丧失催化活性。而半胱氨酸－１５２（Ｙ１５２Ｃ）及精氨酸－１５６（Ｋ１５６Ｒ）突变体活性分别是对应野生型的０．２５％和２．２％。此外,Ｙ１５２Ｃ和Ｋ１５６Ｒ的Ｋ     

CUEDC2突变体的构建及在原核和昆虫表达系统中的表达

目的：构建CUEDC2的突变体并在原核和昆虫表达系统中表达验证。方法：根据人cuedc2序列设计引物,以其突变体质粒为模板PCR扩增目的片段,酶切后连接至pET28a原核表达载体以及pFastBac1-Flag-N和pFastBac-HTA昆虫表达系统的表达载体,转化至DH5α后提取质粒,经菌液PCR、测序鉴定后,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)及DH10Bac感受态细胞中。原核表达载体在E.coli中表达后用Ni-NTA亲和纯化,SDS-PAGE检测。昆虫表达载体提取杆粒,转染至昆虫细胞Sf9中表达,最后用western 进行鉴定。结果：成功构建了CUEDC2的突变体,并在原核和昆虫表达系统中表达。结论：在原核和昆虫表达系统中,成功表达的CUEDC2突变体蛋白为CUEDC2的结构和功能研究奠定了基础。     

Genetic analysis and gene mapping of a dominant presenescing leaf gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">PSL3</Emphasis> in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

Leaf senescence as an active process is essential for plant survival and reproduction. However, premature senility is harmful to agricultural production. In this study, a rice mutant, named as psl3 (presescing leaf 3) isolated from EMS-treated Jinhui 10, displays obvious premature senility features both in morphological and physiological level. Genetic analysis showed that mutant trait was controlled by a single dominant gene (PSL3), which was located on rice chromosome 7 between SSR marker c7sr1 and InDel marker ID10 with an interval of 53.5 kb. The result may be useful for the isolation of the PSL3 gene.     

玉米粉质胚乳突变体的研究进展

玉米是世界上重要的粮食作物,也是植物分子遗传研究的重要模式。通过对玉米的长期研究积累了大量的遗传突变体,其中有一类籽粒突变体被称为粉质（opaque 或floury）胚乳突变体,表现为籽粒硬度和透明度下降。同时,这类突变体中的opaque2 等,被发现能够显著改善玉米籽粒的蛋白营养水平,使得粉质胚乳突变体受到了很大的关注。早年只有少数的粉质胚乳突变体基因被克隆和研究,如opaque2 和floury2 等,被发现与玉米主要的储藏蛋白转录和合成有关。近年来,随着科学技术和研究能力的提高,更多的opaque突变体基因,如opaque1、opaque5、opaque7 等,被克隆和研究,为我们揭示了玉米籽粒中储藏物质的合成、转运等更深入的调控机制,拓展了我们对玉米胚乳发育和代谢的知识。     

泡桐黄化突变体生理特性分析

【目的】分析泡桐黄化突变体的生理特性,为泡桐新品种的研究及应用提供理论参考。【方法】将新发现的泡桐黄化突变体(PFE)与白花泡桐(PF)、建始泡桐(PJ)、楸叶泡桐(PC)的生理特征进行比较,分析了其光合色素的含量、光合日变化、抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量。【结果】黄化突变体的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量减少,其中叶绿素b显著减少; 黄化突变体的净光合速率和蒸腾速率总体小于其他种,气孔导度值与其他种相比总体降低,但差异较小,胞间CO₂浓度日变化值均高于其他种; 泡桐黄化突变体的SOD、POD、CAT活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均高于其他种。【结论】光合色素的减少是导致叶色黄化的主要原因; 它影响了植株捕光能力,致使净光合速率下降,抗氧化酶活性增强,植株抗性增加,可减少活性氧对植株的伤害,维持植物正常生长。