几株花生根瘤菌的内源质粒及其与吸氢酶关联

近年来,根瘤菌吸氢酶基因的研究取得可喜进展,豌豆根瘤菌(Rhizobium lequminosarum)的吸氢基因已证实与结瘤基因连锁共同编码于大质粒上。慢生型大豆根瘤菌(R.japonicum)的吸氢基因则由染色体编码,并进行基因结构和核苷酸序列的分析。花生根瘤菌(R.Trachis)内源质粒的存在情况未见报道。本工作以某些具有吸氢能力(Hup~+)和不具吸氢能力(Hup~-)的菌株为研究对象,采用Hirsch和倒转停顿电场凝胶电泳(FIGE)等方法,检测花生根瘤菌内源     

Transduction of the chemotactic cAMP signal across the plasma membrane ofDictyostelium cells

AggregatingDictyostelium cells secrete cAMP during cell aggregation. cAMP induces two fast responses, the production of more cAMP (relay) and directed cell locomotion (chemotaxis). Extracellular cAMP binds to G-protein-coupled receptors leading to the activation of second messenger pathways, including the activation of adenylyl cyclase, guanylyl cyclase, phospholipase C and the opening of plasma membrane Ca²⁺ channels. Many genes encoding these sensory transduction proteins have been cloned and null mutants of nearly all components have been characterized in detail. Undoubtedly, activation of adenylyl cyclase is the most complex, involving G-proteins, a soluble protein called CRAC and components of the MAP kinase pathway. Null mutants in this pathway do not aggregate, but can exhibit chemotaxis and develop normally when supplied with exogenous cAMP. The pathways leading to the activation of phospholipase C were identified, but unexpectedly, deletion of the phospholipase C gene has no effect on chemotaxis and development, nor on intracellular Ins(1,4,5)P₃ levels; the metabolism of this second messenger will be discussed in some detail. Activation of guanylyl cyclase is G-protein-dependent and essential for chemotaxis. Analysis of a collection of chemotactic mutants reveals that most mutants are defective in either the production or intracellular detection of cGMP, thereby placing this second messenger at the center of chemotactic signal transduction. Analysis of the cAMP-mediated opening of plasma membrane calcium channels in signal transduction mutants suggests that it has two components, one that depends on G-proteins and intracellular cGMP and one that is G-protein-independent.     

青海省青少年学生与日本青少年学生部分形态发育及素质指标比较

通过对１９８５年、１９９１年青海省青少年学生形态发育及身体素质的调研资料与１９８５年，１９９１年日本青少年学生同期相同指标进行比较研究，揭示青海省青少年学生形态发育特点、状况和规律以及存在的差异，为青海省体育卫生工作及体育教学的开展与改进提供科学依据。     

D-核糖生产菌株-转酮酶缺失突变株芽孢形成特性的研究

对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）转酮酶（EC2.2.1.1）缺失突变株FBL04-215芽孢形成特性进行了研究，发现与野生型相比较,突变株具有芽孢形成能力下降的生理特性，同时对影响芽孢形成的重要因素—Mn     

稻瘟菌致病性变异突变体的筛选及共分离分析

通过筛选稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe grisea)P131小种的REMI(Restriction Enzyme MediatedIntegration)转化体库获得对水稻品种梅雨明致病性变异的突变体,命名为PX1.与野生型菌株P131相比,该突变体对水稻品种梅雨明致病性丧失,在洋葱表皮上侵染钉形成率显著降低,而孢子萌发率和附着胞形成率差异不显著.遗传分析表明,该突变体的突变表型和潮霉素抗性标记共分离,说明突变是由于外源质粒插入引起的,因此,可以此为标记克隆控制该表型的基因.     

Cloning of fiber-specific cDNAs and their structural variations in 4 fiber mutants

A mRNA preferentially expressed in cotton fiber was cloned from fiber total RNA of normal upland cotton TM-1 (wild-type) by using RT-PCR and corresponding cDNA (signed as TM-E6) was sequenced. TM-E6 gene had no intron and contained an open reading frame of 771 bp long, and might encode a peptide of 246 amino acids. Other 4 genes, Fl-E6, Li-E6, N-E6 and Bl-E6, which were homologous to TM-E6 gene, were also isolated from 4 fiber mutants of Fiberless Xu-zhou 142, Ligon lintless, Naked seed and Brown lint, respectively. Sequence analysis of each of these mutant genes revealed many variations in structure and nucleotide composition of gene when compared with the sequence of TM-E6 gene. (ⅰ) There was a changeable repetitive segment in which GGCTCA (Gly-Ser) was repeated 3—5 times between the 82nd and the 93rd codons in different mutant genes. Since the change of Gly-Ser repetitive segment occurred not only in the mutants but also in the wild-type cotton, the repeat frequency might not be associated with the mutation of fiber characteristics. (ⅱ) Among the 4 mutant genes, the percentage of changed codons was 7.05% in Fl-E6, 4.98% in Li-E6, and 4.15% in N-E6 and Bl-E6. It seems that the percentage of changed codons in E6 sequence was positively correlated to the degree of fiber morphological variation. (ⅲ) E6 polypeptides of two long-fiberless mutants (Fiberless Xuzhou 142 and Ligon lintless) contained high similar (99.4%) variation in the region of 1—174 amino acids from N-terminus, and those of short-fiberless mutants (Fiberless Xuzhou and naked seed) revealed identical variation in the region of 116th—220th amino acids. It also seems that there was a parallel relation between E6 protein variation and fiber phenotype mutation. (ⅳ) Li-E6 and Bl-E6 genes also expressed at low level in seed coat besides at high level in fiber.     

一种适用于批量筛选和鉴定拟南芥突变体的快速DNA提取方法

DNA提取是拟南芥突变体筛选与鉴定中的关键环节.结合拟南芥突变体鉴定特点和DNA提取特点,对传统SDS法进行改良,摸索出一种简易、快速且经济的DNA提取方法,并将其应用到突变体的批量筛选与鉴定中.使用该方法可在常温下利用10mg左右拟南芥叶片,以少量试剂,通过简单的研磨、离心、沉降和干燥等步骤便能快速制备用于PCR检测的DNA模板.采用本方法个人提取单个样品DNA仅需15min左右,每小时可提取48个DNA样品.研究采用该方法提取了一批待鉴定拟南芥突变体的DNA样品,利用三引物法对其进行PCR检测,结果表明DNA样品浓度高,DNA扩增成功率高达100%,且目的条带清晰,说明该方法在拟南芥突变体的筛选和鉴定上是适用且高效的,可广泛应用于实验室突变体库的建立.     

人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子突变体表达与修饰

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法将人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(haFGF)基因中编码第98位和第132位半胱氨酸(Cys)的密码子突变为编码丝氨酸(Ser)的密码子,构建重组质粒pET3c-haFGF Ser98,32,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),表达率达到23．48％．用MTT法测定产物的活性,发现haFGF Ser98,132突变体的比活与天然haFGF相似．采用单甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)5000-马来酸酰亚胺酯定点修饰第31位Cys,修饰率达到30％以上,修饰产物的比活性保留55．53％．     

Regulation of caldesmon activity by Cdc2 kinase plays an important role in maintaining membrane cortex integrity during cell division

To study the mitosis-specific phosphorylation of caldesmon (CaD), we generated a mutant of the C-terminal fragment (amino acids 244–538) of human fibroblast CaD (CaD39-6F), as well as a mutant of the full-length CaD (CaD-6F), in which all six potential phosphorylation sites for Cdc2 kinase were abolished. The mitotic CaD39-6F-overexpressing cells required more time to progress from anaphase start to 50% cytokinesis, exhibited larger size, and abnormally formed numerous small blebs. In contrast, overexpression of the wild-type C-terminal fragment of CaD (CaD39) did not result in abnormal bleb formation, but led to larger size and prolonged the time requirement between anaphase start and 50% cytokinesis. Similar abnormal blebs were also observed in the CaD-6F-overexpressing cells. CaD-6F-overexpressing cells did not show larger size but required more time to progress from anaphase start to 50% cytokinesis. These results suggest that mitosis-specific phosphorylation of CaD plays a role in inhibiting bleb formation and that the N-terminal fragment of CaD is required for cell size determination. Received 4 September 2002; received after revision 25 November 2002; accepted 4 December 2002