双元载体提供组蛋白H3/H4拷贝1的elp3Δ菌株的构建

人Elongator是在转录中有功能的组蛋白乙酰转移酶(HAT)复合物,为研究其催化亚基Elp3功能,构建了酵母组蛋白H3/H4拷贝1的双元表达载体pRS316CFT,通过PCR介导的基因敲除,获酵母基因组H3/H4缺失由双元载体提供单拷贝H3/H4的elp3Δ菌株.敏感性实验表明该载体提供H3/H4可维持酵母正常生长.本工作为构建H3/H4乙酰化位点突变菌株,用功能互补在体内研究人Elp3 HAT活性功能奠定了基础.     

响应面法提高红曲黄色素的色调

在单因子的研究基础上,用响应面方法优化红曲霉突变株(Monascus anka mutant MYM2)的发酵培养基,来提高红曲色素中的黄色素色调。研究发现,葡萄糖、硝酸铵和磷酸二氢钾对红曲黄色素色调影响很大,它们对色调的影响有最低浓度值,分别为1.42%,0.67% 和0.57%,其理论色调值为4.58。根据模型方程,重复五次实验,其色调的平均值为4.21,黄色素色价达到88.14(U/mL)。     

酿酒酵母呼吸突变株的高糖胁迫反应研究

【目的】研究野生型甘蔗糖蜜发酵高产乙醇菌株MF1002及其糖分利用能力显著提高的呼吸突变菌株MF15c在高糖胁迫下的生理特性变化。【方法】测定在高糖胁迫下菌株的生长速率、出芽率、乙醇产量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、过氧化氢酶活力、过氧化物酶活力以及细胞质和线粒体的ATP酶活力。【结果】在葡萄糖浓度分别为25%、30%和40%的高糖培养基中,MF15c菌株生长和乙醇发酵受抑制的程度均明显低于MF1002。当葡萄糖浓度为30%和40%时,MF15c的最大菌体数目、最高出芽率和乙醇发酵浓度等均显著高于MF1002。当葡萄糖浓度为30%时,两菌株胞内的SOD活力、过氧化氢酶活力、过氧化物酶活力以及细胞质和线粒体的ATP酶活力均显著上升。其中,MF15c的胞内SOD活力、胞内过氧化物酶活力、细胞质ATP酶活力和线粒体ATP酶活力在高糖胁迫下的上升幅度显著高于MF1002。【结论】MF15c较MF1002具有更强的高糖耐受能力。SOD活力、过氧化氢酶活力、过氧化物酶活力以及细胞质和线粒体的ATP酶均参与了两菌株的高糖胁迫反应,胞内SOD活力、胞内过氧化物酶活力、细胞质ATP酶活力和线粒体ATP酶活力可能与MF15c菌株的高糖耐受能力有关,可作为进一步改造该菌株的指导指标。     

酿酒酵母的连续复合诱变及其突变株的快速筛选

为了获得高产的工业用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)菌株,利用己烯雌酚(DES)和UV对酿酒酵母菌QD进行连续复合诱变,采用改进的发酵小管集气法结合乙醇定量测定来进行突变株的筛选,并与常规复合诱变及筛选方法进行比较.结果表明:连续复合诱变的正向突变率最大值为18.9%,与常规诱变方法的最大正向突变率15.6%相比提高了21.2%,说明运用该诱变方法能获得较高的正向突变率;改进的筛选方法可以快速筛选出目的突变株,同时,获得了一株高产乙醇的突变株,在甘蔗汁发酵培养基中其乙醇产量达到9 720 mg/100 mL,比常规诱变方法筛选到的突变株乙醇产量(9 170 mg/100 mL)高出6.0%;与常规诱变方法相比,连续复合诱变方法不仅能够得到较高的正向突变率,而且能够获得更加高产的突变株.     

大肠杆菌holo-ACP突变体的表达纯化及相应acyl-ACP的性质初探

酰基-酰基载体蛋白（acyl-acyl carrier protein,acyl-ACP）作为酰基供体,在脂肪酸、聚酮等天然产物合成途径中具有重要作用.目前,常以酰基-辅酶A（acyl-CoA）来代替尚未商品化的acyl-ACP进行相关酶的体外活性研究.由于底物蛋白acyl-ACP的ACP部分与相关酶发生相互作用,影响酶的催化特性,这种替代无法真实认识相关酶的酰基转移特性.本文以大肠杆菌pET-28a（+）-ACP为模板,构建12株单点突变体,表达纯化出相应holo-ACP,并进一步合成C16:0-ACP和C18:1-ACP.高效液相色谱的结果表明,ACP单点突变会影响acyl-ACP整体的性质,其中T40残基的改变对acyl-ACP的疏水性、紫外吸收响应和稳定性均产生了显著影响.ACP突变体的性质表征为acyl-ACP与相关酶的互作机制研究奠定了基础.      

Discovery of a male-biased mutant family and identification of a male-specific SCAR marker in gynogenetic gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio

Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is a uniquely gynogenetic species with a minor ratio of males in natural habitats, but its male origin and sex determination mechanisms have been unknown. In this study, a male-biased mutant family was discovered from the gynogenetic gibel carp, and a male-specific SCAR marker was identified from the mutant family. Normal spermatogenesis was observed in the male testes by immunofluorescence histochemistry. Nearly identical AFLP profiles were observed between males and females, but a male-specific 86 bp AFLP fragment was screened by sex-pool bulked segregant analysis and individual screening. Based on the male-specific AFLP fragment, a total of 579 bp sequences were cloned by genome walking. Subsequently, a male-specific SCAR marker was designed, and the male-specific DNA fragment was confirmed to be steadily transmitted to the next generation and consistently detected only in males.     

茄假单胞菌寄主花生特异性毒性基因的定位

通过对从茄假单胞菌中克隆的pGX1252进行亚克隆分析,发现含pGX1252右边4.5kbKpnI/EcoRI片段的亚克隆pGX1404仍象pGX1252一样能使对花生不致病菌株T2014在花生上致病.用转座子Tn5-loc对pGX1404进行了饱和插入诱变,一共分离得到6个在pGX1404上不同位置的独立插入突变,其中离pGX1404右末端约1.4kb、2.2kg的两个Tn5-loc插入使pGX1404丧失了扩大T2014寄主范围的能力,证实hsv基因位于pGX1404的右边.     

低磷胁迫对耐低磷玉米自交系幼苗光合特性的影响

采用沙培的方法,研究了低磷对来自细胞工程的耐低磷玉米自交系SD=C、SD-D和齐319叶片光合作用特征的影响. 结果表明：低磷胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶片的无机磷含量、光合速率下降. 耐低磷自交系SD-C、SD-D的无机磷含量、净光合速率下降幅度小于齐319. SD-C和齐319叶片光合速率的降低是受非气孔因素的限制,而SD-D则是受气孔因素的限制. 低磷处理使玉米叶片PSⅡ的光能转换和利用效率降低,耐低磷玉米自交系SD-C、SD-D的光能转换效率和利用效率高于齐319,受低磷胁迫的影响小于齐319. 玉米幼苗叶片内无机磷含量的差异可能是自交系SD-C、SD-D和齐319之间光合作用和叶绿素荧光产生差异的原因.     

Enhanced H+ transport activity of tonoplast vesicles isolated from roots of salt-tolerant mutant of wheat under NaCl stress

Both enhanced were H⁺ transport activities of tonoplast vesicles isolated from roots of the salt-tolerant mutant and wild type of wheat with treatment of NaCl, but the activity of the mutant was significantly higher than that of wild type. H⁺ transport activity was indicated as the stable value of fluorescence quenching per mg membrane proteins. The H⁺ transport activities dependent on ATP of the mutant and wild type were 1099 and 558 respectively and their activities dependent on PPi were 358 and 228 separately.