航天诱变凤仙花嵌合突变体（SP2）的形态及减数分裂的观察

在航天诱变凤仙花的SP2代中，得到一株枝叶嵌合突变体．该嵌合突变体的两类枝条在许多性状存在明显差异．突变枝条的减数分裂严重异常，而正常枝条的减数分裂受突变枝生长情况的影响而表现不同程度的异常．本文对嵌合突变体正常枝的性状恢复的可能原因进行了分析，认为原突变株多个性状的改变可能是控制枝叶，花器发生以及减数分裂代谢途径的上游基因发生了突变而表现的基因多效性，而嵌合体上正常枝条性状的恢复可能是由基因的回复突变造成的．     

Radiation-induced hyperdiploidy inHyoscyamus niger L

Summary A hyperdiploid plant type, approaching the triploid chromosome number, and representing possibly a high level of tetrasomy, was recorded in the progeny of a gamma ray-induced unbranched desynaptic mutant in the M₄ generation. Its meiotic behavior and its possible importance for deriving diverse hyperdiploid lines from desynaptic mutants are outlined.Acknowledgment. We are grateful to Dr Akhtar Hussian, Director, CIMAP, for his keen interest in the study and for providing the facilities.     

集胞藻PCC6803基因ssl1690缺失突变株的构建

使用BLAST软件对聚球藻PCC7002的裂合酶基因cpcT进行了同源搜索分析,在集胞藻PCC6803中获取了相似程度达68%的同源基因ssl1690.为进一步探讨ssl1690功能,构建了同源缺失突变载体,将其转入蓝藻细胞中,筛选得到基因缺失突变株,并将基因缺失突变株培养于BG11液体培养基中,观察了其生长情况和表型变化.结果表明:基因缺失突变株与野生株相比,生长有所延迟,有漂白现象.通过分离和比较SDS-PAGE电泳突变株与野生株的藻胆体蛋白,发现缺失株存在藻胆体组分蛋白的缺失.故认为集胞藻PCC6803 ssl1690基因功能与光合作用有关,其所编码的蛋白对藻蓝蛋白正常的体内生物合成具有重要作用.     

发根农杆菌T-DNA诱变怀地黄突变体或品系的遗传学分析

主要采用紫外吸收光谱法、高效液相色谱法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法,PCR和SRAP技术,从叶绿素含量、还原糖和总糖含量、梓醇含量、毛蕊花糖苷含量和T-DNA片段的稳定性和基因组DNA的变化方面,对发根农杆菌转化怀地黄突变体或品系的变异性状进行了分析.发现怀地黄突变体或品系的叶片形态、植高、叶绿素含量、糖含量、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷的含量均有变异,一个SRAP引物组合从其基因组DNA中扩增出一个对照中没有的约400bp的DNA片段,T1-T7代突变体或品系中均检测到rolB基因的存在.这些结果表明发根农杆菌T-DNA可以诱导怀地黄产生变异,并且稳定遗传.     

含有嗜杀质粒的核融合缺陷突变株原生质体制备及再生条件的研究

利用由藤黄节杆菌(Arthrobacter latevs)分泌的,以β—1.3葡聚糖酶为主的酵母细胞壁溶解酶(Zymolyase),对含有嗜杀质粒的核融合缺陷突变株5045(α,his4,karl—1[KIL—K_1]rho~+)进行破壁,得到该菌株破壁,再生的最佳条件。为嗜杀酵母原生质体融合育种提供了依据。     

Effect of hyperthermia upon gamma-ray induced crossing-over in an excision repair deficient maleDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Hyperthermia of 1 h at 38°C did increase gamma-ray induced crossing-over in meiotic cells of male larvae and adults. However, there was considerably less effect of the heat treatment upon radiation induced crossing-over (a chromosome breakage event) in an excision repair mutanty mei-9 ^a.5 January 1987     

ph突变体和电离辐射在太谷核不育小麦研究中的利用

太谷核不育小麦自1972年被发现以来,人们在对它的理论研究和实际应用等各方面都开展了大量的研究工作。本文通过核不育小麦与“中国春”ph突变体杂交的方法,选育带ph突变基因的太谷核不育小麦,并以蓝粒小麦为供体,利用电离辐射方法对核不育小麦籽粒附加标记性状进行了初步探索,统计了携带Tal基因的4D染色体和控制篮胚乳性状的4E染色体在双单体情况下通过雌配子的传递频率。同时对蓝粒小麦、太谷核不育小麦、“中国春”ph突变体及杂交各代进行了细胞学观察,并在此基础上对太谷核不育小麦雄性不育性的原因以及在诱发染色体易位进行基因转移的过程中,利用ph突变体和电离辐射两种方法的特点及应用进行了研究和讨论。     

Construction and characterization of double mutants in nitrogenase of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</Emphasis>

Two mutants in nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae are constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and gene replacement procedure, which express the nitrogenases with Lysine and Glutamine substituting for α-Glutamine 190 and α-Histidine 194 respectively (Kp-Q α190 K and Kp-Hα194 Q). The above two substitutions are respectively introduced into a nifV mutant (expressing a citrate-containing nitrogenase) and sequentially two double mutants are obtained (Kp-Q α190 K-nifV and Kp-H α194 Q-nifV). All four mutants exhibit strict Nif phenotype under the N2-fixation condition and fail to grow diazotrophically. Altered nitrogneases are effectively depressed and the C2H2 reduction analysis shows that the double substitutions in Kp-Q α190 K-nifV abolish cell C2H2 reduction activity, but Kp-H α194 Q-nifV cells maintain a C2H2 reduction activity at 10% of that of wild type. Whole cell C2D2 reduction by all four mutants in comparison to the wild type and nifV mutant is also detected. The results show that only single α-Gln^194 substitution does not perturb the stereospecificity of protonation of C2D2. These results indicate that the α-Glutamine 190 and its combination with homocitrate are essential to the catalytic activity of nitrogenase and it is proposed that α-Glutamine 190 and its combination with homocitrate are involved in the proton and/or electron transfer to FeMoco. The nitrogenases from these double mutants will be useful in further analysis of the entry of the proton and/or electron to FeMoco and the substrate binding sites.