大肠杆菌DH5α及其耐乙酸突变株DA19在碳源限制培养基中乙酸的积累

在碳源限制的基本培养基和复合培养基中分别对大肠杆菌DH5α及其耐乙酸突变株DA19进行分批培养,两者在复合培养基中的乙酸产量均明显高于基本培养基,相同培养基中DH5α的乙酸产量高于DA19。基本培养基中分批培养的物料衡算显示:DH5α通过三羧酸(TCA)循环和呼吸链提供能量的葡萄糖低于DA19,通过乙酸形成途径的量则增加,表明DA19的TCA循环或电子传递链氧化能力有所提高,而DH5α的TCA循环或电子传递链的能力限制使更多的葡萄糖通过形成乙酸来提供能量。能量需求的计算结果表明:在碳源限制的复合培养基中,有机氮源的异化代谢提供了部分能量,在丙氨酸和谷氨酸为碳氮源的基本培养基中的分批培养也表明氨基酸的异化代谢对乙酸产生的影响。     

黑曲霉的紫外诱变及其液体发酵产木聚糖酶

黑曲霉A,为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变处理,采用平板培养筛选,获得一产木聚糖酶活力高的茵株.实验通过氮源含量,碳源含量,培养基含量和发酵时间对液体发酵产木聚糖酶的影响分析,得出产木聚糖酶的最优条件,即培养时间60 h,接种量5 mL细胞浓度为5×10°个/mL孢子悬液,温度为28℃,氮源质量浓度4 g/L,底物量为0.55 g,培养液70 mL,此条件下生产的木聚糖酶活力可达到58.305 u/mL.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子在Escherichia coli中的表达研究

根据人天然粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）基因序列设计出引物,通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ从人外周血单个核细胞ｍＲＮＡ获得Ｇ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ片段,将该片段与原核表达载体ｐＴ７构建成重组体,导入大肠杆菌后发现天然Ｇ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ表达量并不理想,这可能是由于天然ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ５’端Ｇ＋Ｃ的比例过高,使转录后的ｍＲＡ很容易形成二级结构而影响翻译起始,因此在大肠杆菌中很难获得高效表达,根据密码子简并性原则,在不改变编码氨基酸顺序的前提下,通过重新设计ＰＣＲ引物,将ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ的前３个氨基酸密码子中的几个ＧＣ碱基作了改动,获得了新的ｃＤＮＡ突变体,将其与ＰＴ７的重组导入大肠杆菌,获得了高效表达。     

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents E22Q Alzheimer’s Aβ toxicity in human cerebral endothelial cells

The vasculotropic E22Q mutant of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is associated with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type. The cellular mechanism(s) of toxicity and nature of the AβE22Q toxic assemblies are not completely understood. Comparative assessment of structural parameters and cell death mechanisms elicited in primary human cerebral endothelial cells by AβE22Q and wild-type Aβ revealed that only AβE22Q triggered the Bax mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. AβE22Q neither matched the fast oligomerization kinetics of Aβ42 nor reached its predominant β-sheet structure, achieving a modest degree of oligomerization with a secondary structure that remained a mixture of β and random conformations. The endogenous molecule tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was a strong modulator of AβE22Q-triggered apoptosis but did not significantly change the secondary structures and fibrillogenic propensities of Aβ peptides. These data dissociate the pro-apoptotic properties of Aβ peptides from their distinct mechanisms of aggregation/fibrillization in vitro, providing new perspectives for modulation of amyloid toxicity. Received 20 November 2008; received after revision 12 December 2008; accepted 12 January 2009     

卫星搭载凤仙花诱发的院3突变株后代小孢子的染色体数目变化研究

凤仙花种子经"神舟"4号卫星搭载后,在SP1代中发现一个减数分裂异常和小孢子内染色体数目非减半突变株,本文对其后代的花色变化和染色体数目变化进行了研究。发现粉红花和红花突变系小孢子染色体在7条左右,而蓝紫色突变系则平均在10以上,二者有较大差异。在花粉粒大小方面则有相似的结果。     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎过程中HBV YMDD变异株的检测

目的观察拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎过程中,乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)发生 YMDD变异的情况;研究HBV YMDD变异的发生率同拉米夫定用药时间及用药前与血清HBV DNA水平的关系;观察拉米夫定治疗过程中,血清HBV DNA水平的变化.方法 80例慢性乙型肝炎病人被分为2组,1组为拉米夫定治疗组50例,另1组为对照组30例.采用实时PCR技术,并结合荧光探针技术,分别检测拉米夫定治疗组和对照组在用药期间的HBV YMDD变异发生率;采用荧光定量PCR技术检测治疗组在用药前及用药期间血清HBV DNA水平.结果治疗组在用药52周时的HBV YMDD变异发生率为24.0%,明显高于对照组用药52周的变异率3.3%(P<0.05); 治疗组在用药52周的HBV YMDD变异率为24.0%,明显高于用药26周时的变异率4.0%(P<0.05);治疗前HBV DNA水平较高组用药52周时的变异率为35.7%,明显高于HBV DNA水平较低组的变异率9.1%(P<0.05);治疗组中未变异组在用药52周时的HBV DNA阴转率为65.8%,明显高于变异组的HBV DNA阴转率16.7%(P<0.05).结论拉米夫定可导致HBV YMDD变异的产生,并且该变异的发生率随着拉米夫定用药时间延长而增加;治疗前血清HBV DNA水平较高者在应用拉米夫定后易发生YMDD变异;HBV YMDD变异发生后,可出现HBV DNA复升,但一般不会超过治疗前的基线水平.     

红曲菌转化子性状分析及分子验证

以根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterrium tumefaciens）介导的紫色红曲菌（Monascus purpureus）突变体库中的538株转化子菌株为材料,通过菌落形态观察并结合显微特征分析,筛选获得了9株形态特征变化显著的转化子,对其进行了分子验证和遗传稳定性检测,证明转化子基因组DNA中含有T-DNA插入片段,并能稳定遗传.在此基础上,采用乙醇提取法和改良的纸色谱法分别对转化子的主要代谢产物红曲色素和γ-氨基丁酸（γ-Ami-nobutyric Acid,GABA）进行了分析,发现突变株产生次级代谢产物的能力有不同程度的变化.     

一个水稻苗期白化致死突变体asl6的鉴定及其基因定位

经60Coγ诱变处理粳稻"嘉花1号"得到一个稳定遗传苗期白化致死突变体asl6(albino seedling lethality 6).与野生型(WT)相比,该突变体从发芽出苗起一直表现白化,四叶期逐渐死亡,叶合色素含量几乎没有且没有完整的叶绿体结构.通过qRT-PCR分析发现,与叶绿体发育、叶绿素合成及光合作用相关的基因表达量明显下调.对利用asl6突变体与"培矮64S"杂交获得的F2代分离群体进行遗传分析,发现该突变表型受单个隐性核基因控制.利用图位克隆技术将该asl6基因定位于第2号染色体的InDel分子标记ID31982与SSR分子标记MM5712之间约293 kb的区域内.目前,该范围内没有叶色相关基因的报道,可能为一新的调控水稻叶绿体发育的基因.     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of an enclosed panicle mutant esp2 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

The phenomenon of panicle enclosure in rice is mainly caused by the shortening of uppermost internode.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of panicle enclosure will be helpful for solving the problem of panicle enclosure in male sterile lines and creating new germplasms in rice.We acquired a monogenic recessive enclosed panicle mutant,named as esp2 (enclosed shorter panicle 2),from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice cultivar Minghui-86.In the mutant,panicles were entirely enclosed by flag leaf sheaths and the uppermost internode was almost completely degenerated,but the other internodes did not have obvious changes in length.Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene,which could be steadily inherited and was not affected by genetic background.Apparently,ESP2 is a key gene for the development of uppermost internode in rice.Using an F 2 population of a cross between esp2 and a japonica rice cultivar Xiushui-13 as well as SSR and InDel markers,we fine mapped ESP2 to a 14-kb region on the end of the short arm of chromosome 1.According to the rice genome sequence annotation,only one intact gene exists in this region,namely,a putative phosphatidylserine synthase gene.Sequencing analysis on the mutant and the wild type indicated that this gene was inserted by a 5287-bp retrotransposon sequence.Hence,we took this gene as a candidate of ESP2.The results of this study will facilitate the cloning and functional analysis of ESP2 gene.     

产乳酸链球菌素的乳酸乳球菌的等离子体诱变选育

采用产乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)的乳酸乳球菌为出发菌株,在含有高浓度Nisin的固体平板上,筛选出了耐受10 000IU/mL Nisin的乳酸乳球菌菌株,其发酵单位达到1 680IU/mL。以此菌株为起始菌株进行常压、室温等离子体诱变,利用24方孔深孔板快速筛选高产Nisin的突变株。结果表明,在诱变菌株的存活率为3%的条件下获得的突变株的正突变率达到27.3%。通过摇瓶发酵进一步考察初步筛选的正突变株的Nisin发酵水平,发现有一个突变株发酵Nisin的活性达到6 120IU/mL。