Anti-amyloidogenic therapies: strategies for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain is an early and invariant neuropathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current search for anti-AD drugs is mainly focused on modification of the process of accumulation of Aβ in the brain. Here, we review four anti-amyloidogenic strategies: (i) reduction of Aβ production, which has mainly been approached with secretase inhibition, (ii) promotion of the Aβ degrading catabolic pathway, including an Aβ degrading enzyme, neprilysin, (iii) immunotherapy for Aβ and (iv) inhibition of Aβ aggregation. We have reported that AD patients have a favorable molecular environment for Aβ aggregation and that various compounds, such as polyphenols, interfere with Aβ aggregation and destabilize preformed Aβ fibrils. Received 21 December 2005; received after revision 14 February 2006; accepted 29 March 2006     

Huntington’s disease: from huntingtin function and dysfunction to therapeutic strategies

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that usually starts in middle age and is characterized by involuntary movements (chorea), personality changes and dementia, leading to death within 10–20 years. The defective gene in HD contains a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion within its coding region that expresses a polyglutamine repeat in the protein huntingtin. Together with the characteristic formation of aggregates in HD, aberrant protein interactions and several post-translational modifications affect huntingtin during disease progression and lead to the dysfunction and death of selective neurons in the brains of patients. The exact molecular mechanisms by which mutant huntingtin induces cell death are not completely understood but may involve the gain of new toxic functions and the loss of the beneficial properties of huntingtin. This review focuses on the cellular functions in which huntingtin is involved and how a better understanding of pathogenic pathways can lead to new therapeutic approaches. Received 24 May 2006; received after revision 5 July 2006; accepted 23 August 2006     

论宋元小说话本中的帝都描写及其叙事意义

宋元小说话本中存在大量的有关两宋帝都的描写,一方面是对东京昔日梦华的追忆,另一方面是对临安时下繁荣的再现.这些描写的叙事意义主要体现在四个方面:一是唤起受众的亲切感、真实感和现场感;二是为小说的情结安排提供一个具有叙事学意义的环境;三是推动故事情节发展;四是帝都场景的文化内涵有助于人物形象的塑造.     

多重审视下的民间伦理效应——论《柳家大院》的叙事伦理

老舍短篇小说《柳家大院》讲述了北平一个“狗窝”般的大杂院中,公公和小姑子虐待小媳妇至死的故事,其以独特的叙事视角建构了叙述者与隐含作者的距离与冲突,营造了“看与被看”的多重审视模式.《柳家大院》因此激发着读者的同情、悲愤、无奈与哀叹的道德反应,呈现了老舍小说叙事的民间伦理.     

重刑犯悔罪心理干预的实证研究

探讨叙事团体心理辅导时重刑犯悔罪心理干预的效果．方法：利用《罪犯个性分测验-COPA-PI》、《罪犯心理状况分测验COPA—TCMI（IV）》对福建省某监狱500名重刑犯进行施测，数据统计分析后根据犯罪思维、悔罪心理分值筛选出82名被试．再根据参与团体辅导基本要求进行筛选后余52名被试．随机抽取24名重刑犯为实验被试，将其随机分为实验组和控制组．对实验组进行叙事团体心理辅导干预。控制组不作处理．结果：实验干预后实验组被试犯罪思维得分显著降低，悔罪心理得分显著提高．且与控制组被试有显著差异．控制组被试前后测数据没有差异．结论：采用叙事团体心理辅导对重刑犯悔罪心理及犯罪思维和认罪态度均有较好的干预效果．     

略析“梅村体”长篇叙事诗的创作特点

“梅村体”长篇叙事诗是对叙事诗近体诗化的大胆尝试，体现在变平铺直叙的篇章结构为跳跃性的倒叙式结构；用深刻的内涵来联接跳跃的片段，以体现诗歌的含蓄和蕴藉；把普遍性的用典引入长篇叙事诗中，增加了叙事诗婉转含蓄典雅的因素。因而，他将长篇叙事诗的表现艺术提高到了一个新的水平。     

光动力疗法在糖尿病足治疗中的应用及机制

糖尿病足是糖尿病导致的与其他外伤因素等无关的足部组织破坏，在临床上属于慢性伤口，常合并缺血、周围神经病变以及感染，其愈合受损增加了感染的可能，因此在糖尿病足的治疗过程中，抗感染治疗是关键.目前临床上多使用抗生素进行抗感染治疗，但糖尿病足的病理生理变化阻碍了抗生素在溃疡中的渗透，使其难以到达病变部位，同时，由于抗生素多重耐药现象逐渐严峻，也增加了糖尿病足的治疗难度.光动力疗法以其靶向性好、副作用低、对微生物无耐药性等优点给糖尿病足的医治提供了新的选择.近年来，光动力疗法在治疗糖尿病足方面取得了不错的进展.因此，本文对光动力疗法在糖尿病足中的应用、治疗机制、近期的研究成果等方面进行阐述.     

世纪之交官场叙事勃兴的文化阐释

作为一种小说潮流的官场叙事，在很大程度上是受文学场域众多因素的合力所催生。从权力文化层面来说，当政治伦理的崇高性遭致市侩主义以及个人利益的围逼，某些不良的官场风气导致公信力不断下降时，世俗性话语会自然地消解这种异化的权力关系。从消费文化层面来说，求官保位以及了解官场生态的心理，主流媒体没有见诸公众的“坊间传闻”等话语在某种程度投合了大多读者的阅读期待。从思想文化层面来看，官场叙事在提供反腐与呈现上层建筑政党理想等叙事功能的同时，一定程度上也呈现权力非公共使用时的世俗化生存状态。官场叙事从权力、欲望对人和人性造成裂变的形而上角度传达出对转型期社会文化现象的体察与洞见。     

西方文论接受史的叙事法则

文学史不是一成不变的,是在意识形态影响下不断建构的。作为学科的中国文学史具有浓厚的西学背景。西方文论接受史的基本叙事法则是不同时期意识形态影响下的选择性叙事。