基于群决策理论的协调控制子区划分方法

本文针对城市交通信号控制中的子区动态划分问题,利用群决策理论和支持向量机算法,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距、路段交通饱和度和信号配时参数等4个因素的影响,提出用于表示子区划分判断依据的"分离/合并系数"的概念,建立了协调控制子区划分模型。最后给出算例分析,运用MATLAB编程计算对控制子区的动态划分过程进行了描述。     

Second‐Generation Prediction Markets for Information Aggregation: A Comparison of Payoff Mechanisms

Initial applications of prediction markets (PMs) indicate that they provide good forecasting instruments in many settings, such as elections, the box office, or product sales. One particular characteristic of these ‘first‐generation’ (G1) PMs is that they link the payoff value of a stock's share to the outcome of an event. Recently, ‘second‐generation’ (G2) PMs have introduced alternative mechanisms to determine payoff values which allow them to be used as preference markets for determining preferences for product concepts or as idea markets for generating and evaluating new product ideas. Three different G2 payoff mechanisms appear in the existing literature, but they have never been compared. This study conceptually and empirically compares the forecasting accuracy of the three G2 payoff mechanisms and investigates their influence on participants' trading behavior. We find that G2 payoff mechanisms perform almost as well as their G1 counterpart, and trading behavior is very similar in both markets (i.e. trading prices and trading volume), except during the very last trading hours of the market. These results indicate that G2 PMs are valid instruments and support their applicability shown in previous studies for developing new product ideas or evaluating new product concepts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Approaches to Improving Consistency of Interval Fuzzy Preference Relations

This article introduces a consistency index for measuring the consistency level of an interval fuzzy preference relation（IFPR）.An approach is then proposed to construct an additive consistent IFPR from a given inconsistent IFPR.By using a weighted averaging method combining the original IFPR and the constructed consistent IFPR,a formula is put forward to repair an inconsistent IFPR to generate an IFPR with acceptable consistency.An iterative algorithm is subsequently developed to rectify an inconsistent IFPR and derive one with acceptable consistency and weak transitivity.The proposed approaches can not only improve consistency of IFPRs but also preserve the initial interval uncertainty information as much as possible.Numerical examples are presented to illustrate how to apply the proposed approaches.     

时间压力和属性权重对决策中信息加工的影响

采用决策过程研究方法中的信息板技术,以模拟现实生活中的购车事件为实验任务,探讨时间压力和属性权重变化对个体决策中信息加工的影响.结果表明,时间压力和属性权重两者在信息搜索模式上有显著交互作用.属性权重对决策行为的主效应显著,在呈现属性权重的情形下,被试增加了信息的搜索深度,更多地采用了基于属性的信息搜索策略.     

河南省造纸行业排污核算方法分析

针对河南省造纸行业生产类型和产排污特征,结合目前污染源排污核算方法的优点和不足,对比分析物料衡算法、排污系数法和监测数据法在造纸企业排污核算中的应用.以河南省代表性造纸企业为例进行验算,分析各核算方法的优缺点及其适用条件,提出一种能够准确和公平的反映造纸企业污染物排放量的核算方法,为科学建立排污权交易制度提供支撑.     

建筑类专业教学中建筑模型制作的作用及思考

在建筑类专业教学过程中模型制作贯穿于全部的专业教学环节,以大连民族大学建筑学院专业教学实践为基本依据及案例,分析了模型制作在专业教学过程中要解决的基本问题以及教学手段的不可替代性。着重阐述在以民族建筑教育为核心的教学体系框架内开展的教学实践过程中,如何更加有效的发挥其特殊性。     

Robust data envelopment analysis based MCDM with the consideration of uncertain data

The application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) technique has been gaining more and more attention in recent research. In the practice of applying DEA approach, the appearance of uncertainties on input and output data of decision making unit (DMU) might make the nominal solution infeasible and lead to the efficiency scores meaningless from practical view. This paper analyzes the impact of data uncertainty on the evaluation results of DEA, and proposes several robust DEA models based on the adaptation of recently developed robust optimization approaches, which would be immune against input and output data uncertainties. The robust DEA models developed are based on input-oriented and outputoriented CCR model, respectively, when the uncertainties appear in output data and input data separately. Furthermore, the robust DEA models could deal with random symmetric uncertainty and unknown-but-bounded uncertainty, in both of which the distributions of the random data entries are permitted to be unknown. The robust DEA models are implemented in a numerical example and the efficiency scores and rankings of these models are compared. The results indicate that the robust DEA approach could be a more reliable method for efficiency evaluation and ranking in MCDM problems.     

骨骼标本制作的研究

利用老龄非传染病死亡后掩埋、自然腐败分解的母猪骨,通过常规清洁、碳酸钠浸泡脱脂、双氧水漂白处理后,采用以铁丝穿制骨块,并辅以石膏铸型、钢筋支撑和固定的方法,制作出一件完整的猪骨骼标本.整个制作时间周期漫长,制作工序复杂,其中以石膏铸型方法填充软骨和部分损坏骨骼,为骨骼标本制作中首次采用,它将为今后动物骨骼标本,特别是珍稀动物缺损骨骼标本的制作填补空白.     

从《论语》看孔子的交友之道

孔子主张广交朋友。孔子交友,讲究原则性。一是择优而交;二是结交益友;三是结交同道。孔子注意与朋友交往的艺术,认为朋友之间要讲求诚信;要互相宽容;要保持适当的距离,说话做事要有分寸。孔子的交友之道是其＂仁爱＂和＂中庸＂思想在处理人际关系方面的具体体现,在大力提倡构建和谐社会的今天,对我们的人际交往很有指导意义。     

一种基于Cook-Seiford函数的序区间群决策方法

针对具有序区间偏好信息的群决策问题,提出了一种决策分析方法.首先,对具有序区间偏好信息的群决策问题进行了描述;然后依据传统Cook-Seiford函数解决群决策问题的基本思路,给出了求解具有序区间偏好信息的群决策问题的计算步骤,其核心是通过定义群体排序与各专家排序之间的距离,并依此建立最优化模型寻找一种群的排序,使之与各成员排序的总的距离最小,该排序即为方案最优排序;最后,通过一个算例说明了本文给出方法的可行性和有效性.