强制性海退沉积物与油气分布

强制性海退形成于相对海平面下降期间,对应于早期低位体系域的快速下降和缓慢下降以及晚期高位体系域的缓慢下降,引起沉积环境向海方向的迁移;当沉积物供应充足时,在斜坡边缘地区可以发育典型的进积斜坡沉积,表现在地震剖面中常为前积斜交反射结构。随滨岸线向海退却,在近岸一侧或浅海环境通常缺失低位体系域或陆架边缘体系域,强制性海退形成的砂体沉积往往离岸较远;缓慢下降期的晚期高位体系域也是强制海退的产物。强制性海退可以形成准层序边界和层序边界相一致的特殊现象,层序边界可以构成准层序边界的底界、顶界。     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段晚中生代岩体的成因

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段分布着一些晚中生代岩体,其侵位时间在120~128 Ma之间,稍晚于同期华北克拉通内江苏徐州和安徽宿州地区(简称徐宿地区)。文章通过对上述两地区的地球化学特征的对比研究,认为张八岭隆起北段岩体的岩浆来源可能是壳-幔岩浆混合形成的,并可能经历了一定的岩浆分异作用;而徐宿地区岩浆可能与深部地壳物质的部分熔融有关。上述结果表明,张八岭隆起北段岩浆来源深度较华北克拉通内部徐宿地区深,断裂带内具有较强的伸展活动及岩石圈减薄程度。分析认为,断裂带的存在和活动在岩石圈减薄过程中具有诱发和促进作用。     

Structural deformation and fault activity of the Tan-Lu Fault zone in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene

The Tan-Lu Fault zone (TLFZ) is a significant fractural zone in eastern China and also a seismicity belt in North China. Based on total 4000-km-long shallow penetrated single seismic data with high-resolution, structural deformation and fault activity of the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene are discussed in detail. The results show that the TLFZ with a discontinuous distribution and a general NNE-trending consists of 14 active subfaults with an NNE or NE strike in the Bohai Sea. Seismic data reveal that de-formation zones along the subfaults in the central Bohai Sea and the Laizhou Bay are wider and more complex than those in the Liaodong Gulf. Related folds and lots of secondary normal faults which are characterized by nearly vertical fault planes and a same or reverse dip construct the fractural zone in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. Usually, micro symmetrical grabens develop on the top of anticlines. In the Liaodong Gulf, subfault fractural zones usually consist of secondary normal faults with the same inclination or opposite inclination. Ages of seismic sequences and cutting relation between subfaults and seismic sequences suggest that the latest faulting age of the TLFZ is the end of the late Pleistocene in the Liaodong Gulf and the early Holocene in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. There is a good match between distribution of earthquakes and that of the subfaults in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai. Statistical result shows that total vertical offset of the TLFZ since the late Pleistocene ranges from 6 to 11 m. On the basis of offsets of the subfaults, the vertical slip rate is calculated and results show that average vertical slip rates in the central Bohai Sea are larger than those in the Liaodong Gulf and the Laizhou Bay. Slip rates more than 0.06 mm/a during 23–10 ka B.P. and 85–65 ka B.P. are larger than those in other stages. The TLFZ was mainly dominated by tensional normal component since the late Pleistocene. Synthesizing shallow deformation, activity and distribution of earthquakes, the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea can be divided into three segments: the Laizhou-Bay segment, the Bozhong segment, and the Liaodong-Gulf segment.     

Palaeoclimatic evolution recorded by multidicipline in sediments in gahai lake, qaidam basin since late last deglacial

Based on the analyses of Loss-on-Ignition (LOI), carbonate content and sediment characteristics, this paper reconstructs the climatic and environmental evolution of the Gahai Lake area since the late Last Deglacial Period.The results cover the late Last Deglacial Period and the Holocene.The climate was very unstable and rather arid during the late Last Deglacial Period.The Holocene can be divided into three pe-riods:the early Holocene (11360-8240 cal aB.P.), which was dry but unstable and featured rising tem-peratttres, the mid-Holocene (8240-3200 cal aB.P.), which was warm and wet and the late Holocene (since 3200 cal aBP), which was cold and dry.Results also show a warm-wet event around 1500 cal aB.P.     

启蒙与救亡：清末音乐教育的两大功能

清末音乐教育具有启蒙与救亡两大功能。清末音乐教育的启蒙功能主要体现在以音乐为载体的精神教育、以音乐塑造新的国民性、音乐教育的美育功能三个方面。清末音乐教育的救亡功能主要体现在教育救国与音乐救国,军队乐歌的激励斗志和保家卫国,以及音乐团体的鼓舞国民和挽救国家的功能三个方面。     

甘肃北山桥湾北花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为加深对北山晚古生代构造演化的认识, 选取位于甘肃北山南带、敦煌地块北缘的桥湾北花岗岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究。桥湾北角闪石花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP MS年龄为303.7±2.4 Ma, ε_Hf(t)为-1.2~5.8, ε_Nd(t)相对较高(-0.40~-0.06), (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i =(0.704524~0.705062)。 桥湾北花岗岩体K₂O含量为4.09%~5.58%, 属高钾钙碱性岩石, A/CNK值在0.92~1.04之间, 为I型花岗岩; 微量元素较富集LILE, 相对亏损HFSE, 有明显的Nb, Ta负异常。岩体具相对富集的微弱分馏的轻稀土元素, 重稀土元素分馏不明显, 基本没有Eu异常。由Hf, Nd同位素及地球化学特征判断, 桥湾北花岗岩体为壳幔混合成因, 其形式可以是底侵的幔源岩浆再分异, 上升过程中遭受地壳物质混染。根据区域构造背景及岩石学、地球化学特征, 可以认为桥湾北岩体是北山南带后碰撞过程岩浆活动的产物, 反映出在晚石炭世北山地区的碰撞拼贴已经完成。     

精细油藏描述中剩余油研究进展

剩余油表征一直是油田开发中后期研究者关注的重点内容。通过文献调研并结合自身科研实践,总结剩余油研究主要内容包括剩余油分类和发育规律刻画、剩余油成因和分布模式、多种方法描述剩余油、相关学科成果在剩余油研究中的应用、井间剩余油预测、三次采油阶段剩余油描述等。剩余油研究方法主要包括开发地质学、岩心观察和分析测试、水淹层测井解释、四维地震、各种数理统计学、油藏数值模拟、动态监测分析、油藏工程、试井解释方法等,这些方法各有优缺点。剩余油研究主要问题包括9方面:剩余油成因分析难度大、剩余油研究方法各有优缺点、改进剩余油研究方法难度大、井间剩余油预测问题多、相关学科成果应用至剩余油研究中不成熟、三次采油阶段剩余油研究还在探索、复杂岩性油藏剩余油研究问题多、剩余油研究定量化水平不高、微观剩余油研究比较薄弱等。剩余油研究发展趋势包括9方面:加大剩余油成因研究力度、改进剩余油研究方法、明确数理统计分析研究剩余油参数的地球物理意义、提高剩余油井间预测精度、将相关学科成果充分应用至剩余油研究中、探索建立三次采油阶段剩余油研究方法技术体系、加大非常规油藏剩余油研究力度、提高剩余油研究定量化水平、加强微观剩余油研究力度等。     

Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China

The Changbai Mountains （2749 m a.s.l.） in northeastern China are one of the typical mountain regions with glaciation since late Pleistocene as evidenced by well-preserved erosive and accumulative landforms at elevations above 2000 m a.s.l, formed by glaciers around the crater lake, Tianchi Lake. Cirque glaciers developed on both the inner and outer sides of the volcanic cone. Well-preserved cirques, glacial trough valleys, glacial threholds, polished surfaces of the glacial erratics and the moraine ridges indicate that several glaciation processes took place during the last glacial period in this region. Resuits of optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） dating on the moraine sediments, and the K/Ar, thermal ionization mass spectrometry （TIMS）, electronic spinning resonance （ESR） dating on the volcanic rocks suggest two periods of glacier advances. One is named the Black Wind Mouth glacier advance taking place on the west and north slopes of the volcanic cone at an elevation of 2000-2100 m a.s.l., which is dated to about 20 ka, being the result of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）. The other is named the Meteorological Station glacier advance at the elevation of 2400-2600 m a.s.l., dated to 11 ka during the late glacial period, and is tentatively correlated to the Younger Dryas stage. The scope of the former glacier advance is larger than that of the latter. Regional comparisons showed that the glacial sequences in the Changbai Mountains are similar to other glaciated areas in eastern Asia during the later part of the last glacial cycle.     

晚清上海租界扩界的历史考察

《南京条约》签订后,英、法、美相继在上海划定商民居住区,始成租界。租界形成后的几十年中租界当局依仗武力利用各种机会数次胁迫清政府扩大租界。至清朝灭亡时,上海租界已经延伸至宝山,面积达始初时的数倍。     

晚清玉林地区自然灾害研究

晚清玉林地区自然灾害种类多,发生频率高,分布地域广,密度大。自然灾害对农业生产、民众生存条件和生活、生态环境、社会秩序造成严重破坏和危害。如此频发而严重的自然灾害,与玉林地区所处的地理位置、气候环境、水文特征,与当时处于小冰期及长期以来不合理开发,自然环境恶化均有一定关系。面对自然灾害,地方政府和绅士采取建社仓、兴修水利、赈济等措施防灾减灾。