木质素降解菌L1原生质体的形成和再生

从自然界筛选出一株降解木质素高的白腐真菌 L1,对其原生质体的形成和再生进行了研究。在 OS培养基中生长的菌丝体 ,原生质体数量较高。在液体培养条件下 ,于 OS培养基中培养 60 h的菌丝体 ,用 0 .3% β-巯基乙醇与酶液同时处理菌丝体 ,采用 p H5 .0的混合酶 (蜗牛酶∶纤维素酶∶溶菌酶的最佳浓度比为 5∶ 4∶ 1 ) ;在 30℃酶解 4h;用 0 .4mol/L NH4Cl,1 0 mmol/L Mg SO4作渗透压稳定剂时 ,原生质体数量达到 4.32× 1 0 5个 /mg。 OS双层再生培养基最适于原生质体再生     

cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

Cloning and expressional analyses of a cinnamoyl CoA reductase cDNA from rice seedlings

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR: EC 1.2.1.44),the entry-point enzyme of the llgnin specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding dnnamaldehydes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced polypeptide shared 70% similarity and 30% sequence identity at the amino acid level with defined CCR genes from other plant species and they all contain the common signature sequences thought to be the catalytic site as well as the putative NADP binding domain.Using a conserved OsCCR cDNA fragment as the probe for library screening, we isolated the genomic DNA that covered the whole coding region of OsCCR with total length of 3045bp including 4 introns and 5 exons. The open reading frame for our OsCCR gene coBtAin~ 337 amino adds. Northern blot indicated that OsCCR was expressed in different organs with the highest level found in stems. In situ hybridization results showed that OsCCR mRNA was localized mainly along the vascular bundles in stems and leaves, and also in lateral roots that was differentiating from the tiilering node. We conclude that the vascular-localized expression of OsCCR gene may suggest its possible involvement in llgnin biosynthesis. Cloning and characterization of OsCCR will help to clarify how llgniflcations in plants are regulated and will provide a physical basis for creating genetically engineered rice plants with optimal lignin contents.     

配抄牛皮纸用落叶松磺化化机浆的研究

对落叶松的磺化及与未漂落叶松硫酸盐浆配抄牛皮纸进行了初步研究。结果表明较佳的条件为：Ｎａ２ＳＯ３用量为３５％，最高温度为１６０℃，保温时间为２ｈ；用６０％未漂落叶松硫酸盐浆与４０％落叶松硫化化机浆可配抄出Ｂ级牛皮纸。     

稻草制取多羟基化合物的探讨

本文探讨将农业废料稻草纤维素水解、发酵,制多羟基化合物的原理及方法。     

小麦根尖细胞分化过程中木质素合成及其相关酶的活性变化

小麦（Triticumaestivum）根尖细胞分化过程中，苯丙氨酸解氨酶[PAL．EC4．3．1．5]和对香豆酸辅酶A联结酶[4CL，EC6．2．1．12]的活性从分生区至成熟区逐渐增加．PAL活性在分生区细胞中为0.4CL活性近似为0．在成熟区细胞中PAL和4CL活性均增加到最大．木质素的含量变化与PAL和4CL活性存在着平行性，同样在分生区细胞中木质素含量很低，到伸长区稍许增加，至成熟区增加最多．PAL和4CL是木质素合成的开始步骤和关键酶．木质素主要在管状分子和细胞壁次生加厚时沉积，是细胞分化的重要标志之一．     

辛夷芳香性双四氢呋喃成分研究

为阐明辛夷药材中芳香性双四氢呋喃化学成分,采用溶剂萃取、高速逆流分段、大孔树脂和半制备高效液相色谱分离和纯化,得到了4个高纯度芳香性双四氢呋喃木脂素单体化合物.通过1H NMR、13C NMR、MS等现代波谱学方法分别鉴定为:松脂醇二甲醚(1),木兰脂素(2),里立脂素B二甲醚(3),epimagnolin B(4).辛夷芳香性成分的鉴定为其在医药、食品工业中的应用提供了更好的理论依据.     

木质素废旧聚氨酯制备轻型阻燃保温材料试验

按配比加入酚醛树脂、阻燃剂、发泡剂、乳化剂、碱木质素、液化废旧聚氨酯,制成木质素废旧聚氨酯.试验结果表明:随着固化剂的增加,固化时间缩短,表观密度增加,抗压强度增强,泡沫质量较好;加入次磷酸铝和二乙基次磷酸铝能明显改善酚醛树脂的阻燃性,加入5 g次磷酸铝和二乙基次磷酸铝时效果最好.这种轻型阻燃保温材料具有酚醛树脂泡沫的优点,同时由于添加了木质素提高了阻燃性.采用废旧聚氨酯作为添加成分,可以大大减少生产成本,保护环境,提高了资源的利用率.     

长期氮添加对落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤碳、氮、磷含量和胞外酶活性的影响

【目的】氮(N)沉降速率的持续增加影响着森林生态系统的物质循环。本研究旨在探讨长期N添加对两种人工林土壤微生物生物量和胞外酶活性的影响。【方法】基于黑龙江帽儿山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)人工林的长期(16年)N添加[N添加速率为10 g/(m²·a)]试验,测定对照和N添加处理样地土壤的碳(C)、N、磷(P)各组分含量、微生物生物量以及C、N、P循环相关的胞外酶活性。【结果】长期N添加显著增加了两种人工林无机N含量,但降低了两种人工林微生物生物量C、N含量。N添加抑制了水曲柳人工林β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶和酚氧化酶活性,但对落叶松人工林的这些C分解酶活性的抑制作用不显著。回归分析进一步发现微生物生物量、β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶和酚氧化酶均随着土壤pH的降低而显著降低。几丁质酶活性在落叶松人工林中对N添加呈现负响应,却在水曲柳人工林中对N添加呈现正响应。然而,N添加均未显著改变两种人工林的磷酸酶活性、总有机C,以及酸水解法划分的C组分、全N、全P和有效P含量。【结论】长期N添加主要通过土壤酸化途径改变落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤微生物生物量和酶活性,而N添加对胞外酶活性的影响因树种而异,这可能与两个树种的不同凋落物质量和菌根类型有关。N添加对土壤微生物和C分解酶活性的抑制作用并没有显著增加土壤C含量和改变C组分,其内在机制需要未来从土壤有机C的形成和稳定性方面进行揭示。     

木素降解菌Phanerochaete chrysosprium营养条件对麦草木素降解选择性指数的影响

利用正交回归试验设计方法研究Phanerochaete　chrysosprium选择性降解麦草原料木素的营养条件，初步探讨了影响因素交互作用对白腐菌选择性指数的影响，提出优化条件。实验发现菌处理麦草原料洗脱液的A205吸收值与降解后木素失重线性相关(R＝0．9776)，可为白腐菌处理纤维原料效果的快速评估提供依据和方法。