Mechanism of selective separation on the surface of ionic sieve of removal of lead

This note describes a kind of ionic sieve with high selectivity to remove trace lead in water, in which stannic molybdopyrophosphate is used to be the substrate. The mechanism of selective separation on the surface of ionic sieve of removal of lead was explored by analyzing fourier transformation infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and the results of selective adsorptivity experiment. The investigation suggests that in the process of synthesizing ionic sieve the olation reactions occur in solid phase by thermodynamic recrystallization and the adsorption units with special selectivity to lead are formed by chemical modification. After the ion exchange for Pb²⁺, the oaltion reactions not only keep the microstructures of adsorption units from collapse, but also provide lead cavties with special selectivity to lead ion that are capable of having special binding “memory effect” to Pb²⁺ by SnO₃ ²⁻ and P₂O₇ ⁴⁻ groups on the surface of this ionic sieve. Meanwhile, the selective separation capacity is a kind of weak chemical effect that is relative to the valence electron state of the adsorbed ion directly and tightly.     

室温离子液体及其在绿色化学中的应用

~~烷基取代咪唑阳离子 (图 1 )研究最多 ,表 1总结了近年来开发研究的此类阳离子的种类及结构 .可以组成室温离子液体的阴离子 ,目前的研究除 Al Cl4-,NO2 -和干燥时易爆的 NO3 -,Cl O4-外 ,含氟阴离子为多 ,主要有 :BF4-,PF6-,As F6-,Sb F6-,F ( HF ) n-,CF3 SO3 -,CF3 CF2 CF2 CF2 SO3 -,( CF3 SO2 ) 2 N-,( CF3 SO2 ) 3 C-,CF3 COO-,CF3 CF2 CF2 COO-等 .图 1　烷基取代咪唑阳离子　　由各种阳离子和各种阴离子组合 ,可以得到一系列特性各异的室温离子液体 ,目前已报道的多为由表 1所示的烷基咪唑阳离子和含氟阴…     

Coupled isomorphic substitution and exsolution of pyroxene,rutile, apatite and quartz in supersilicic garnet

Dissolution of pyroxene in garnet at ultrahigh pressures produces supersilicie garnet with the coupled substitutions of Si^Ⅵ M^Ⅵ= A^Ⅵ A^Ⅵ and Si^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ=A^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ,which are enhanced by rising pressure. The supersilicic garnet and exsolution of pyroxene, rutile, apatite and quartz in garnet during decompression were found in natural rocks,pointing to the importance in studying mantle-derived rocks and ultrahigh pressure metamorphism related to plate deep subduction. Ti, P, K and H2O enters garnet via the substitutions of Ti = Si, P^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ = Si^Ⅵ CaⅧ, Si^Ⅵ K^Ⅷ = AI^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ, and [(OH)4]^4- = [SiO4]^4- or [4H]^4 = Si^4 respectively. The possible entering of Eskola pyroxene component M0.5AlSi2O6 in clinopyroxene, together with the common pyroxene component M2Si2O6, into garnet can lead to the presence of the substitution of Si^Ⅵ 0.5□^Ⅷ= A^Ⅵ 0.5M^Ⅷ in garnet structure, which plays a key role in the exsolution of rntile, apatite and quartz in garnet. Two new breakdown reactions are thus proposed on the basis of the new coupled substitution, which can be regarded as a theoretical model for the exsolntion of the 3 minerals in garnet. The real exsolution may be a combination of several breakdown reactions.     

《春秋左传》中"无(有)以"

从句型变换的角度来看,位于动词前和句末的两种“无(有)以”结构,它们二者因在句中所处的位置不同而产生了分化。     

Kovar与K4玻璃阳极焊接机理及影响因素

分析了Kovar合金与K4玻璃阳极焊的结合机理和主要工艺参数对连接过程的影响,提出了金属与玻璃的连接机理为电场和温度场作用下的离子迁移、复合氧化物过渡层的生成和沉积,电压、温度、压力及试样表面质量是影响离子迁移和结合的主要因素,相匹配的热膨胀系数是防止开裂保证良好连接的必要条件。     

利用电导法测定离子液体的CMC值

利用电导法分别测定了咪唑类离子液体C12mimBr、C14mimBr、C16mimBr和季铵盐类表面活性剂C16H33N (CH3)3Br-在不同的溶剂水、乙醇、乙酸中的临界胶束浓度(CMC).发现离子液体的CMC值具有一定的规律性:其CMC值随疏水基团中碳氢链的增长而减小,离子液体在不同溶剂中的电导率的变化规律,其顺序为:k(水作溶剂)＞k(乙醇作溶剂)＞k(乙酸作溶剂).在相同温度下,离子液体的电导率随浓度的增大而增大.在相同的测定条件下,离子液体的电导率随着其侧链基团中碳氢链的增长而减小.C12mimBr、C14mimBr、C16mimBr在不同溶剂中的CMC值顺序为:CMC(水作溶剂)＞CMC(乙醇、乙酸作溶剂)     

离子液体的毒性及其潜在风险评估

组成离子液体的结构和纯度对其毒性有较大的影响.综述离子液体的纯度,阳离子、阴离子组成对其毒性的影响以及离子液体的生态学设计方案和多维风险分析的研究进展.     

离子液体的制备及在有机合成中的应用研究

离子液体因其诸多优点而在有机合成中得到越来越广泛的应用。本文主要介绍了离子液体的主要特点、制备及其在有机合成中的应用。     

电晕放电离子迁移谱的设计

介绍了离子迁移谱的构造、工作原理和应用,采用针板式高压放电极对电晕离子迁移谱进行了设计.