HCl在氯化镉水溶液中的热力学性质

在HCl—CdCl2—H2O体系中,恒定溶总离子强度为I=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.5mol·kg-1,Cd Cl2在溶液中的离子强度分数恒定为yB=0.00、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.50和0.70条件下,应用经典的电动势方法测定无液体接界电池在278.15～318.15K温度范围内的电动势:Pt,H2(101.325kPa)|HCl(mA),CdCl2(mB),H2O|AgCl-AgAgCl—Ag电极的标准电极电势应用Bates方法测定,根据测得上述电池的电动势数据,计算了混合溶液中HCl的活度系数γA.在溶液中总离子强度保持恒定时,混合溶液中HCl的活度系数服从Harned规则,以HCl的活度系数logγA对热力学温度T作图是一条直线,拟合偏差均在10-3～10-4数量级,进一步讨论了混合溶液中HCl的相对偏摩尔焓..     

纳米光学功能材料Gd2O3:Tb3+的反相微乳合成及发光性能

采用反相微乳液法合成Gd2O3：Tb^3 纳米粒子，对其晶体结构、发光性能和最佳发光离子浓度进行了研究，并且与草酸盐共沉淀法制得的Gd2O3：Tb^3 相比，结果表明，其粒径减小，晶体形成温度降低了近100℃．     

Microstructure characterization and hydrogen storage properties study of Mg2Ni0.92M0.08 (M = Ti, V, Fe or Si) alloys

In the present study Mg_2Ni-type compounds alloyed independently with Ti,V,Fe and Si were successfully prepared by wet-milling followed by sintering.Although these alloyed Mg_2Ni compounds exhibited a similar hydrogen storage mechanism as that of pure Mg_2Ni,the dissolution of Ti,V or Fe into the Mg_2NiH_4lattice had a considerable catalytic effect on hydrogen desorption from additional MgH_2.The further structure investigations clearly indicated that the substitution of Ti for Ni could suppress the formation of the micro-twined low-temperature phase(LT2)and promote the formation of the high-temperature phase(HT),thus resulting in remarkably improved hydrogen desorption kinetics for the Mg_2Ni_(0.92)Ti_(0.08)–H system.     

二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对褐煤的溶胀及电解液化的影响

本文在课题组已有的离子液体对煤进行溶胀预处理的研究基础上,进一步研究了多种含离子液体的二元混合溶剂.结果表明,[Bmim]Cl+NMP对神华褐煤的溶胀效果最佳.通过研究二元溶剂中[Bmim]Cl的体积分数、溶胀温度及时间对煤的溶胀度及其电化学还原反应的影响,发现[Bmim]Cl的体积分数为0.5时,煤的溶胀度较高.神华煤在[Bmim]Cl+NMP中溶胀12h即可达到平衡.提高温度不仅可以缩短达到溶胀平衡所需的时间,还可以进一步破坏煤的结构,提高溶胀度.神华褐煤在150℃下溶胀12h,溶胀度可达到3.93.通过二元溶剂[Bmim]Cl+NMP对煤的溶胀处理能提高煤电解加氢还原的反应活性,有利于提高煤的液化率,使电解液化率从31.66%提高到62.27%.     

Polycaprolactone Grafting of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Ionic Liquid[BMIM]CI

A polycaprolactone-grafted cellulose nanocrystal(PCL-g-CN) was prepared in ionic liquid and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).A peak assigned to the carbonyl group appears at 1 730 cm~(-1) in the FT-IR of PCL-g-CN,which confirms that the grafting reaction is successfully completed.The morphologies of PCL-g-CNs still maintain rod-like structure according to the TEM images.XRD results show that the crystal type of the PCL-g-CNs changed from cellulose Ⅰ to cellulose Ⅱ.The reasons for crystal transition of CNs turn out to be combined effects of anion and cation in ionic liquid with CNs.     

离子液体[C2mim]NO3与[C2mim][MetSO4]的热力学性能研究

采用MDY-2型密度仪在常压、一定温度范围内对离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐(简写为[C2mim]NO3)和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯盐(简写为[C2mim][MetSO4])的密度进行了测定.结果表明,离子液体的密度随温度升高呈线性下降的趋势.由离子液体的密度值计算得到离子液体[C2mim]NO3和[C2m...     

Effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of La1−xMgxNi3.5 (x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys

The effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the annealed La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys have been studied. All the samples were mainly composed of(LaMg)_2Ni_7,(LaMg)Ni_3, and LaNi_5 phases. Mg substitution for La changed the phase abundance, but did not change the constitution of all phases, which is con fi rmed by the results of backscattered SEM images and EDS analysis. The P–C isotherms indicated that the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reversibly absorbed and desorbed hydrogen smoothly at 298 K. The hydrogen absorption cyclic stabilities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy after 5 hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles reached the maximum values of91.9% and 96.0% at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. The hydrogen desorption capacity and plateau pressure for the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy reached the maximum values of 1.055 H/M and 0.074 MPa, respectively. The desorption capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5reached 0.193 H/M and 0.565 H/M in the fi rst minute at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. Electrochemical property measurement indicated that La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20,0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys possessed excellent activation capability and were completely activated within3 cycles. Discharge capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reached 378.2 m A h/g(x = 0.20 at%), 342.7 m A h/g(x = 0.23 at%), and 369.6 m A h/g(x = 0.25 at%), respectively. Moreover, energy density of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy was much larger than that of La_0.80Mg_0.20Ni_3.5 alloy and nearly approaches the maximum value of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5. Thus, the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy exhibits optimum comprehensive properties of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry.     

[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH_3溶液的比热容和过量焓

测定了离子液体[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5在T=(323.15~1 173.15)K范围内的热重曲线,结果显示[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5在T637.15 K时具有很高的热稳定性。通过DSC测试得到[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5的比热容数据,在T=(251.15~383.15)K范围内可以用一个圆锥曲线很好地拟合。实验测定了[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5(2)+NH3(1)二元体系溶液的摩尔过量焓,其中氨的摩尔分数x1=(0.60~0.95),温度值为T=288.15 K,303.15 K,318.15 K,333.15 K。采用NRTL模型对过量焓数据进行拟合,得出二元可调参数和非随机参数。过量焓数据的测量误差和最大拟合偏差分别小于4.8%和4.3%。在[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5比热容和[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH3过量焓数据的基础上,计算了氨质量分数w1=(0~1)、温度范围T=(273.15~343.15)K条件下[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH3溶液的焓,所得焓浓图对于研究[bmim]Zn_2Cl_5/NH3吸收式制冷系统性能至关重要。     

π0与N- (N-)重整化链传播子的"精确"收敛公式与辐射修正

采用中性介子π0与核子(N-)反核子-N强相互作用Lorentz不变耦合模型,对π0与N- (N-)两类重整化链图传播子函数级数收敛性问题作了全面考察与深入研究,并利用链图传播子函数的精确理论计算结果,通过相关理论分析、推导后获得重整化链图传播子函数级数"精确"收敛公式;在此基础上又对两类重整化链图传播子"辐射修正"问题作了理论计算与分析.     

离子液体中纤维素的溶解及再生特性

探讨了不同来源纤维素在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯代盐(［bmim］Cl)中的溶解性能,并采用红外光谱、X-射线衍射及热重分析等手段对木浆纤维素在离子液体［bmim］Cl中溶解和再生前后的结构变化进行了分析。结果表明,未经活化的纤维素可直接溶解于离子液体［bmim］Cl 而不发生其它衍生化反应,原纤维素聚合度越低,溶解越容易。再生纤维素分子量较原纤维素有所降低,结晶状态由纤维素Ⅰ转变为纤维素Ⅱ,再生后纤维素热分解温度降低,热稳定性略有下降。