染色体G带分析与自动识别

通过对染色体Ｇ带特征进行定性，定量分析，仿照人工识别过程，利用统计识别，相关匹配，模糊聚类等方法，使自动识别率达９５％以上，略加人工校正，即可投入现场使用。     

小麦与高冰草不对称体细胞杂种F5代部分株系的花粉母细胞染色体观察分析

普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.)济南177原生质体（受体）和经紫外线照射的高冰草（Agropyron elongatum)原生质体（供体）用PEG法诱导融合，形成外形偏向小麦的不对称体细胞杂种及后代，经过田间繁育，现已到F5代，在对F1至F4代杂种植株完成各项分析的基础上，对对F5代不同株系（Ⅱ-2，8-1，Ⅱ-Ⅰ-8）的花粉母细胞染色体进行观察和分析，结果表明，杂种花粉母细胞在减数分裂时基本正常，88％以上的细胞染色体数目在20－21对之间，并且绝大多数染色体可以正常配对形成二价体，少数细胞存在小染色体，数目多为1－2个，且大部分以配对形式存在，由此可见，杂种在遗传上基本是稳定的，且杂种的表型及遗传在较短的世代就基本稳定，但个别杂种花粉母细胞中也存在减数分裂异常现象，如不均等分离，落后染色体，染色体桥、多着丝粒体，易位环及多价体等。     

啤酒大麦染色体GiemsaC带核型比较分析

采用改良Ｃ带法对啤酒大麦７个品系染色体的Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带核型进行了比较分析，结果表明，不同大麦品系间相同序号染色体的Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ带分布相似，带的数目和强弱存在明显差异，不同染色表现不同程度的Ｃ带带型多样性，第１，３，４染色体的带型具有较大的多样性，而各品系间第６染色体地带型相同。     

A simple method for the preparation of hydra chromosome spreads: introducing chromosome counts into hydra taxonomy

Summary A simple method to prepare chromosome spreads of hydra is described. Chromosome counts for a non-symbiotic brown hydra,Hydra vulgaris attenuata, and the Swiss strain of a symbiotic green hydra indicated a diploid number of about 2n=30 in each case. It is suggested that chromosome number may be used to define hydra species more precisely.This work was done while A. R. and M. R. were on leave in Oxford. We thank Prof. D. C. Smith F. R. S. for providing laboratory facilities. We wish to thank Prof. Smith and Dr A. E. Douglas for reading earlier drafts of this paper.     

苦荞麦染色体的加倍研究

应用秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜混合液对中国西南地区的三种苦荞麦品种进行染色体加倍,获得了同源四倍苦荞新品系.与原种相比,同源四倍苦荞新品系具有发达的根系、较大的籽粒和高大植株,其产量得到明显提高.新品系的蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素经及其他药用成分的含量也有明显的提高.此外,新品系有较高的接实率,能稳定遗传,具有较强的抗逆能力.     

Nearctic–Palaearctic relationships of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): chromosomal and morphological evidence for the Prosimulium magnum species group in Japan

The banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes of Prosimulium yezoense Shiraki from Japan are resolved relative to the standard map for the genus Prosimulium, revealing two unique fixed inversions and novel autosomal and sex-linked rearrangements. Diagnostic chromosomal and morphological criteria demonstrate that P. yezoense is a member of the Prosimulium magnum group. The species is transferred, with three additional species – P. apoina Ono, P. karibaense Ono, and P. sarurense Ono – from the Prosimulium hirtipes group to the P. magnum group, representing the first geographic record of the group outside North America. The P. magnum group is one of only a few insect taxa, and one of only two simuliid taxa, distributed exclusively in Japan and the Nearctic region.     

黄瓜根尖体细胞同源染色体的联合现象

对黄瓜根尖体细胞有丝分裂过程中同源染色体的联合现象进行了研究。结果发现,黄瓜体细胞有丝分裂前期末,7对同源染色体以体细胞联合的方式粘附于核仁周围,随着核仁解体,细胞分裂才进入前中期。这一实验结果表明,黄瓜体细胞中存在的同源染色体间的联合现象是前期核仁消失前一个特定的阶段,是一个正常的生物学现象。     

An overview of factors influencing sex determination and gonadal development in birds

The morphological development of the embryonic gonads is very similar in birds and mammals, and recent evidence suggests that the genes involved in this process are conserved between these classes of vertebrates. The genetic mechanism by which sex is determined in birds remains to be elucidated, although recent studies have reinforced the contention that steroids may play an important role in the structural development of the testes and ovaries in birds. So far, few genes have been assigned to the avian sex chromosomes, but it is known that the Z and W chromosomes do not share significant homology with the mammalian X and Y chromosomes. The commercial importance of poultry breeding has motivated considerable investment in developing physical and genetic maps of the chicken genome. These efforts, in combination with modern molecular approaches to analyzing gene expression, should help to elucidate the sex-determining mechanism in birds in the near future.     

乐清湾泥蚶Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus)核型的初步研究

利用胚胎细胞做成的染色体制片,对乐清湾泥蚶染色体进行了分析。结果表明乐清湾泥蚶核型为2N=38,32m 6sm,NF=76。     

大果蝇（Drosophilagrandis）的形态观察和染色体研究

本文介绍了一种野生大果蝇的形态特征和染色体方面的研究结果。形态观察表明，这种野生大果蝇有许多形态特征不同于D.melanogaster，如个体较大，性柱位置不同等。染色体研究发现，此种果蝇的唾液腺染色体比D.melanogaster大得多，具有6条长臂和1条短臂，；核型为2n=12,4R 1V 1D。