Chromosomal evolution and zoogeographic origin of southeast Asian shrews (genusCrocidura)

To the origins and evolution of Indomalayan shrews, we investigated the chromosomal variations of 14 species ofCrocidura from SE Asia. Intraspecific polymorphism was mainly due to variation in the number of short chromosomal arms butC. lepidura andC. hutanis showed a polymorphism due to a centric fusion. The undifferentially stained karyotypes were similar in 9 species, all possessing 2n=38 and FN=54–56 (68);C. fuliginosa had 2n=40 and FN=54–58. These karyotypes are close to the presumed ancestral state for the genusCrocidura. Four species from Sulawesi had a reduced diploid number (2n=30–34), a trend not observed among other SE Asian species but present in few Palaearctic taxa. Compared to the apparent stasis of karyotypic evolution observed among other SE Asian species, the high degree of interspecific differences reported among Sulawesian shrews is unusual and needs further investigation.Stasis and reduction in diploid number found in both Indomalayan and Palaearctic species suggest that these two groups share a common ancestry. This is in sharp contrast to most Afrotropical species which evolved towards higher diploid and fundamental numbers. The zoogeographical implications of these results are discussed.     

The inhibiting effect of 1·4 recombinant P chromosome of wheat-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agropyron cristatum</Emphasis> addition line on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ph</Emphasis> gene

P chromosomes may carry a genetic system that inhibits the Ph gene in wheat. Abnormal chromosome synapsis in wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2 (additional 1·4 recombinant P chromosome) was observed in this study. The results of cytogenetics and Ph1 gene amplification showed that the Ph1 gene was normal and the average number of quadrivalents or hexavalents was determined to be 0.41 and 0.13, respectively, in pollen-mother cells of wheat-Agropyron cristatum addition line II-21-2. The analysis o...     

利迪链霉菌A02细菌人工染色体基因组文库的构建

 利迪链霉菌A02是从京郊森林土壤中分离筛选出的植物真菌病害高效生防菌,其活性产物为安全高效广谱的抗真菌剂纳他霉素。为了克隆纳他霉素生物合成基因簇和调控其表达相关的功能基因,通过基因改良的方式进行A02的定向分子改造,提高纳他霉素的效价和产量,提取了利迪链霉菌A02的基因组DNA,用Hind III和Bam HI部分酶解后,回收了97~194kb和48.5~97kb大小的高分子量DNA,与质粒载体Copycontrol pCC1BAC连接,分别构建了含有800个和1500个克隆的两个BAC文库。从文库中随机挑选20个克隆,酶切检测平均插入片段分别为133kb和65kb,空载率小于1%,假定利迪链霉菌的基因组有8×10⁶kb,计算文库基因组覆盖率分别为12.28倍和11.25倍。因此,从文库筛选到目的片段的概率达99.99%以上。     

C-band variability in some Lacertidae (Sauria,Reptilia)

Summary The chromosome C-banding pattern has been studied in four lacertid species possessing the same karyotype. The results obtained show a remarkable interspecific variability both in the amount and distribution of C-banded heterochromatin. This leads us to the speculation that alleged conservativeness in their karyology is probably due to inadequate resolution by the conventional cytological techniques. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that these variations of the C-bands play an important role in the evolution of this saurian family.This research was supported by a grant from the Ministero Pubblica Istruzione.     

“降落伞”核的演变和大核原基的发育

应用DAPI荧光染色术对冠突伪尾柱虫有性生殖过程中两种结构演化最复杂的核现象进行了观察。在“降落伞”的形成并向第一次成熟分裂中期转变期间,“伞盖”和“重物”染色质团之间自始至终由DNA荧光丝状物相联,“重物”染色质团随着“伞盖”部染色质丝缩短变粗而逐渐变小,并在中期染色体形成的同时消失。为解释上述演变过程,在讨论中提出了一个细胞学动态模型。在大核原基的发育过程中,于染色体多线化之前先由染色质丝转变为短杆状染色体。这些染色体移向核的一极,然后从一端开始解螺旋并向核的另一极伸展。在此期间,可以观察到某些染色体成双存在。     

醉蝶花的组织培养及其细胞遗传学研究

研究发现赤霉素对醉蝶花(Cleome spinosa Jacq.)种子发芽和幼苗生长有明显的促进作用，其中10mg／L浸种30min的处理对种子发芽和幼苗生长的促进作用最明显，发芽率达到80％．用不同激素组合诱导醉蝶花下胚轴和子叶形成愈伤组织，MS 6-BA0．5mg/L NAA0．5mg/L KT0．5mg／L中子叶的出愈率最高，达到100％．下胚轴出愈不及子叶，最高只有93％．MS 6-BA2mg／L NAA0．05mg/L适合于芽的分化，诱导率达到100％．以醉蝶花幼芽为材料，用常规染色体制片方法确定醉蝶花体细胞染色体数目2n=20．     

植物细胞染色体有丝分裂技术

植物细胞染色体观察在物种亲缘关系鉴定、染色体变异和杂种分析等工作中有广泛的用途,是遗传学中最基本和常用的方法。该文结合遗传学实验教学,以蚕豆根尖作为实验的材料,介绍植物细胞染色体有丝分裂的制片,结果制备出理想的观察标本,可观察到细胞周期各个时期的主要特征,尤其是染色体的变化。     

果蝇唾液腺染色体与标本制作技术

本文阐明了果蝇唾液腺染色体的发生机制、形态结构特点及研究意义,提出了玻片标本制作的新技术,为果蝇遗传学的研究提供参考。     

Torus shaped bands at the 2R telomere region and at the region 68 of the salivary gland chromosomes ofDrosophila auraria

Summary The telomere of the 2R arm of the salivary gland chromosomes ofD. auraria exhibits a definite toroidal structure in routine squashed preparations, stained either by propionic orcein-carmine or by fluorescent dyes. There is evidence that a band (or bands) of region 68 (possibly homologous to that ofD. melanogaster) of the 3L chromosome arm also exhibits a toroidal structure. These toroids are associated with heterochromatin, but it is not certain that they are themselves heterochromatic.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by a grant from Volkswagenwerk-Stiftung to C.D.K. The outstanding technical assistance of Ms G. Karamanlidis is acknowledged.     

The effect of DDT on DNA replication in the larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila melanogaster

Summary The inhibitory effect of DDT on the initial stage of the DNA replication process in polytene chromosomes of larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila melanogaster was investigated and possible mechanisms for the inhibition are discussed.