Thyroid function parameters during a selenium repletion/depletion study in phenylketonuric subjects

Phenylketonuric (PKU) subjects have a limited supply of selenium (Se) in their phenylalanine-restricted diet. A Se repletion (1 g Se/kg/day)/depletion study was conducted in PKU children to determine the effect of Se on thyroid function parameters.The initial plasma Se concentration (mean±SD: 0.26±0.12 mol/L, p<0.00003, n=10) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (140±58 U/L, p<0.00003, n=10) were significantly lower compared to agematched controls. After 14 weeks of supplementation, the plasma Se concentration (mean ±SD: 0.74±0.20 mol/L) normalized (normal range: 0.57–1.15 mol/L, mean ±SD: 0.76±0.13 mol/L, n=32) and remained stable thereafter during repletion. Plasma GSH-Px activity reached normal values after 18 weeks of supplementation (312±57 U/L; normal range: 238–492 U/L, mean ±SD: 345±54 U/L, n=32) and increased significantly for up to eight weeks thereafter (332±52 U/L). Individual and mean thyroid parameters were initially normal in all cases. The mean concentrations of plasma thyroxine (T₄: p<0.025), free T₄ (FT₄: p<0.01) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT₃: p<0.005) decreased to 75% of their initial value within three weeks of Se supplementation and remained stable thereafter, within a normal physiological range during selenium supplementation. They increased back to their initial values three weeks (T₄: p<0.05, FT₄: p<0.05) and six weeks (rT₃: p<0.025) respectively, after the end of the supplementation. In conclusion, Se supplementation modifies thyroid function parameters in Se-deficient PKU subjects most likely by an increase in activity of type I 5-deiodinase (5-DIase I).Preliminary results of this study were presented as posters on the 4th International Congress on Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Chamonix, France (1993) and the 4th Joint Meeting of the Lawson Wilkens Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology, San Francisco, California, Ped Res (1993) 33: S93 (abstract 537). Support in part by Research Grants of Nutricia BV, (The Netherlands).     

含硫树脂的制备及在谷胱甘肽分离中的应用

利用大孔苯乙烯树脂改性合成含硫树脂,考察了修饰条件对谷胱甘肽吸附的影响。并对其在谷胱甘肽分离中的应用进行了研究。结果表明采用pH3.0的缓冲液进行吸附,自制的含硫树脂最大吸附容量可达22mg/g湿树脂,选择质量浓度为0.5%的NaOH溶液洗脱GSH,解吸率可达70%以上。采用真实发酵液进行分离纯化,收率为35%,纯度可达90%以上。     

矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷抑制环氧丙酰胺诱导的MDA-MB-231细胞内谷胱甘肽的降低

为探讨食源性成分降低丙烯酰胺及主要致毒代谢物环氧丙酰胺对人体的危害作用,利用比色法、酶活性检测及免疫分析等方法,从细胞谷胱甘肽及其相关酶解毒的角度,研究了不同浓度的矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷对环氧丙酰胺引起的人类乳癌细胞MDA-MB-231毒性的影响. 结果表明,与环氧丙酰胺单独处理的细胞相比,矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷预处理后,能够显著降低细胞毒性及胞内活性氧水平,明显提高细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽含量,抑制谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与谷胱甘肽S转移酶活性的升高,并且提高两种酶的蛋白表达量. 矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷对环氧丙酰胺引起的MDA-MB-231细胞毒性具有明显的抑制作用.      

植物对臭氧的防御机制及其定量化研究进展

本文首先简要回顾了臭氧评估模型的发展历程,在明确了现有评估模型在模拟植物自身防御的局限性的基础上,从气孔调节、抗氧化剂解毒和植物自身修复三个方面对植物的防御机制进行概述。归纳出主动防御和被动防御的概念,并总结了定量化植物防御机制的研究进展,提出了臭氧评估模型的发展趋势。指出：加强解毒模型的研究结合现有通量模型构建基于气孔吸收和植物解毒的评估模型是当前臭氧评估的必然趋势;开展非气孔吸收通量和冠层通量的研究,实现从叶片尺度到冠层尺度的扩展,是臭氧胁迫效应研究的未来发展方向。     

啤酒酵母(Saccharomy cescerevisiae)变株M-05合成谷胱甘肽的研究:(II)发酵条件的研究

以谷胱甘肽 ( GSH)产生菌啤酒酵母甲硫氨酸缺陷型变株 M-0 5为试验菌株 ,进行培养基、培养条件的初步研究 .经培养基、培养条件的优化 ,M-0 5胞内积累 GSH比原来配方提高了 61 .3% ,培养基中添加适当甲硫氨酸 ( Met) ,则胞内 GSH含量提高了 1 .2倍 ,达 32 .95mg/ g     

金纳米粒子与谷胱甘肽相互作用及其分析应用

通过谷胱甘肽的巯基(-SH)与金纳米粒子的共价结合和氨基(-NH3+)与金纳米粒子的静电作用,使金纳米粒子自组装为有序的网状超分子结构,导致金纳米粒子的最大吸收波长从520 nm红移到668 nm,且在668 nm处的吸光度与谷胱甘肽的浓度在一定范围内呈正比.由此建立了以金纳米粒子为探针,简便、灵敏的测定谷胱甘肽的分析方法.本方法线性范围为0.01～0.20 mg/L,检出限3.0 μg/L(3 σ,9.8 nmol/L).     

谷胱甘肽及其类似物对小麦耐热性的影响

 利用冬小麦品种京都40和春小麦品种辽春17,以谷胱甘肽(GSH),寡肽(GCG)以及合成寡肽GCG所用的谷氨酸(Glu)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)3种物质组合作处理,清水作对照,研究高温胁迫条件下不同处理对小麦幼苗抗高温胁迫生理特性的影响,明确寡肽GCG的生理活性。结果表明,在高温胁迫条件下,200μmol/L的GSH和GCG处理可使小麦保持较高的相对含水量,降低叶片质膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,有利于维持细胞膜的完整性。同时,在高温胁迫条件下,GCG处理显著提高了幼苗对二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)活性氧自由基的清除能力,且叶片中抗氧化酶活性也被诱导增强,有利于缓解高温对小麦幼苗的伤害。与其他2种处理相比,GCG的处理效果最为显著。综合来看,GCG具有类似GSH的抗氧化活性,可以增强小麦幼苗对高温胁迫的耐性,因此GCG作为一种人工合成的寡肽,有望作为农业生产调节剂来开发应用。     

Tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases induced by 2-tridecanone or quercetin in cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the cotton bollworm and the expression level induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin were examined using the methods of biochemistry and the quantitative PCR. The relative expression level of GST mRNA was unanimous with the GSTs activity conjugaging with 1-chloro-2, 4-dimitro-benzene (CDNB) in fat bodies, midguts, heads and integuments of cotton bollworms. The GSTs activity in fat bodies was the highest, then midguts, heads and integuments in turn, which was in consistent with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. The specific activity of GSTs and the relative expression level of GST mRNA could be significantly induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin, and after the induction the order of the GSTs activity and the relative expression level of GST mRNA in the above four tissues in cotton bollworms was not different from the control. The induction of GSTs by 2-tridecanone was stronger than by quercetin in all four tissues, which was in accordance with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. It suggested that the increase of GSTs activity induced by plant allelochemicals was associated with the elevated expression of GST mRNA in cotton bollworms.     

植物的谷胱甘肽转移酶家族

植物的谷胱甘肽转移酶(Glutathione transferases,GSTs;EC 2.5.1.18)是一个大家族;根据蛋白同源性和基因组织结构,植物GST分为φ、ζ、τ、θ、λ五类;GST主要在胞液中表达,是由约26kDa亚基组成的同源二聚体或异源二聚体,形成疏水的50kDa的蛋白;在不同组织和不同的环境条件下,基因表达差异很大.GST在植物的初级代谢和二级代谢、胁迫耐受、细胞信号等方面行使功能.     

一类广义Kac-Moody代数的特殊虚根

给出了秩为2的广义Kac-Moody代数的虚根系具体刻画,讨论了其虚根所决定的反射与其Weyl群之间的联系.特别地,将一般Kac-M00dy代数中特殊虚根的概念引入到广义Kac-Moody代数上来,并决定相应的特殊虚根.