Phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) from China and India based on mtCOI DNA sequencing and host plant comparisons

Phylogenetic relationships for Bemisia tabaci were reconstructed by analysis of a ～780 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene with an emphasis on geographic range and distribution among eight eudicot plant families that are common hosts of B. tabaci worldwide to elucidate key phylogeographic linkages between populations extant in China (n=31) and India (n=34). Bootstrap values for the Maximum Parsimony tree were highly robust for all major nodes involving the major Asian clade, subgroups, and sister groups within, at 92%—100%. Between-clade distances for the Southeast Asia and three other major clades, e.g. from sub-Sahara Africa, North Africa-Mediterranean, and the Americas, were approximately >16% divergent. Two major Asian subgroups (I, II) were resolved, which represented populations indigenous to the region, comprising two (I a, I b) and five (II a—e) sister groups, respectively, which diverged by 11%. Two distinct populations from sunflower in Hyderabad grouped separately within the two Asian subgroups. All other populations grouped uniquely within Asian subgroup II or I. The “B” biotype was identified in 23 collections from China at 97.3%—99.5% nucleotide identity with “B” biotype reference sequences; it was not identified in collections from India. The majority of haplotypes were associated with 3—4 plant families, with one exception that for sister group IId (sesame, India), it might be monophagous. Thus, B. tabaci from the southeastern and near eastern regions of the Asian continent comprise of a large number of ancestral, richly divergent, mostly polyphagous populations. This region is therefore hypothesized to constitute an important Old World center of diversification for the B. tabaci complex, together with sub-Saharan Africa.     

蔬菜浓缩汁防褐变及后浑浊工艺的研究

本试验通过对蔬菜汁多酚氧化酶的钝化条件的研究,以及游离果胶酶对蔬菜汁果胶降解的正交设计试验和固定化果胶酶处理,得出结论:(1)在100℃下加热3min可使多酚氧化酶钝化,达到防止褐变的要求.(2)游离果胶酶的用量对产品可溶性固形物的含量影响最大,在F0.05(2,4)=6.940和F0.10(2,4)=4.320条件下,具有显著性;反应温度次之.(3)经过壳聚糖固定化酶处理后,蔬菜汁的澄清度比对照提高2.6%,色值比对照提高15.48%,可溶性固形物的含量提高了10%.4℃放置48h,可明显观察到经过固定化果胶酶处理后的蔬菜浓缩汁比对照具有很好的稳定性.     

Identification and characterization of Biomphalaria peregrina (Orbignyi, 1835) from Agua Escondida in northern Patagonia,Argentina

During a general malacological survey for freshwater gastropods in northern Patagonia, a population of Biomphalaria was encountered at Agua Escondida. Biomphalaria spp. are freshwater pulmonates of biomedical importance, uncommon in Mendoza Province, and often act as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma mansoni. By looking at both morphological and molecular characters, we describe a detailed process of identification and characterization of Biomphalaria peregrina from a location towards the extremity of its species range. A reference DNA ‘barcode’ is presented. As B. peregrina has been shown to be a permissive experimental host of S. mansoni, snails were also screened in the field for schistosomiasis and later in the laboratory using a novel polymerase chain reaction-based assay but no infections were found. Considering the transmission potential of this species, increased vigilance for intestinal schistosomiasis is recommended, especially if local environmental conditions become favourable for disease transmission, for example, through future climate change and intensification of irrigation.     

芬太尼麻醉手术中血糖和胰岛素的变化

目的：观察芬太尼麻醉手术中机体的血糖（ＣＬＵ）和胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）的变化。方法：Ｔ例ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ择期上腹部手术患者，诱导后持续恒定静脉内输入芬太尼维持到手术缝皮后为止，３组剂量分别为每小时每公斤体重２．５、５、７．５μｇ。分诱导前（Ｔ１）、手术７０ｍｉｎ（Ｔ２）、术毕（Ｔ３）３次采静脉血，测血糖和胰岛素值。用ＳＰＳＳ软件包进行数据处理，采用方差分析和相关分析。结果：不同剂量的３组在手术７０ｍｉｎ时、     

Normetanephrine and metanephrine oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase

Summary Both normetanephrine and metanephrine were found to be oxidized by both types of monoamine oxidase in mouse liver mitochondria. Both K_m and V_max values of type B MAO for both substrates were higher than those of type A MAO, which caused the shift of inhibition curves with clorgyline and deprenyl according to the increase in substrate concentration.     

Release of oxidases from the roots of plants

Summary In this paper, we report on the isolation and purification of the oxidase released from the roots ofLactuca sativa seedlings. This is the first time that the release of oxidases from the roots of plants into their rhizosphere has been reported.     

Wangzaozin A调节NADPH氧化酶源性活性氧诱导HL-60细胞分化

利用台盼蓝排染法、吉姆萨染色及流式细胞术对对映-贝壳杉烷二萜wangzaozin A影响人早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60生长、细胞形态、NBT还原能力、细胞吞噬及细胞表面抗原CD11b表达进行了检测.结果显示,0.2~0.8μmol/L wangzaozin A抑制HL-60细胞生长,0.6和0.8μmol/L处理组细胞显示了明显的G1期周期阻滞.随着wangzaozin A浓度升高及处理时间延长,细胞核质比减小,肾形核、杆状核和分叶核细胞增多及胞质中颗粒状物质增加;同时,细胞NBT还原能力、吞噬能力及细胞表面抗原CD11b表达显著增强,表明wangzaozin A可诱导HL-60细胞向成熟粒细胞分化.进一步利用荧光探针DCF检测显示0.6和0.8μmol/L wangzaozin A处理细胞12h后细胞内ROS显著升高;抗氧化剂NAC及NADPH氧化酶抑制剂APO显著抑制wangzaozin A诱导HL-60细胞上调CD11b表达,表明wangzaozin A可通过上调NADPH氧化酶源性的活性氧浓度诱导HL-60细胞分化.     

虎眼万年青提取物降血糖作用的实验研究

观察虎眼万年青提取物对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖质量浓度以及糖尿病相关特征的水平的影响.采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射法制造糖尿病小鼠模型,随机分为五组,醇提物高、中、低剂量组,二甲双胍阳性药物组,模型小鼠溶剂对照组,正常小鼠空白对照组,观察各组小鼠血糖质量浓度以及其他相关指标的变化水平.结果表明,模型各组的血糖质量浓度升高,经灌胃给以醇提物14 d后,血糖质量浓度明显下降,其他糖尿病症状也相应减轻.而空白组小鼠血糖值无明显变化.可见虎眼万年青乙醇提取物对于四氧嘧啶所致的糖尿病小鼠有治疗作用.     

交替呼吸途径对低温弱光下黄瓜叶片光合作用的保护研究

以津研4号黄瓜品种为实验材料,采用1 mM的水杨基氧肟酸(SHAM)抑制47%~48%交替呼吸途径(AOX途径)活性,研究了交替呼吸途径对低温弱光(100μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),8℃)下黄瓜叶片光合作用的保护作用。结果表明,低温弱光处理虽然降低了净光合速率,但未引起光化学反应、热耗散和光合电子传递的变化,也未改变弱光下吸收光能在PSII光化学反应Y(II)、PSII调节性能量耗散Y(NPQ)和非调节性能量耗散部分Y(NO)之间的分配比例,这可能归功于低温弱光诱导交替呼吸途径的上调。低温弱光下抑制AOX活性虽然完全抑制了光化学反应和光合电子传递,并限制了净光合速率,但诱导了热耗散能力的增强,从而未引起光抑制的发生。由此可见,低温弱光下AOX途径活性的上调可有效地保护黄瓜叶片的光合电子传递链,并优化光合作用;而抑制AOX活性后,黄瓜叶片也可通过促进热耗散防御低温弱光下光抑制的发生。     

水热合成单分散碳球的制备与表征

以葡萄糖为原料水热法合成粒径均一单分散碳球,研究反应时间、反应温度、葡萄糖浓度、pH值、甲醛用量对碳球形貌及粒径的影响,采用SEM、FTIR、XRD对碳球的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,单分散碳球的最佳制备工艺为:反应温度160℃、反应时间6h、葡萄糖浓度0.25mol/L、体系pH值为8、甲醛用量2g;所制碳微球粒径约为350nm,分散系数为0.011,产率约为20%;制备出的碳球表面含有—OH、—CO、COOH官能团,碳球中含有无定形炭。