A combination of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 and lesion mimic gene lm significantly enhances adult plant resistance to Puccinia triticina in wheat

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an economically-important disease in wheat worldwide.A combination of different types of resistance genes may significantly enhance rust resistance under rust-favorable conditions.To investigate the interactions between the rust resistance gene Lr34 and the lesion mimic gene lm on 1BL in Ning 7840,a segregating F8-10 population of 180 recombinant inbred lines was developed from Ning 7840/Chokwang and evaluated for both lesion mimic expression and leaf rust response at the adult plant stage in a greenhouse.A major quantitative trait locus(QTL),derived from Sumai 3,was co-localized with Lr34 on chromosome 7D and explained 41.5% of phenotypic variations for rust severity and 22.1% for leaf tip necrosis(LTN).The presence of Lr34 was confirmed by Lr34-specific markers cssfr1 and cssfr2 in Ning 7840 and Sumai 3.Unlike Lr34,lm conditioned a spontaneous lesion mimic phenotype and had a significant effect on reducing uredinial size,and a smaller effect on severity.Additive effects were observed between lm and Lr34 for severity and LTN,and an epistatic effect was observed for infection type.Single marker analysis also identified several other QTL with minor effects on severity,infection type,or LTN.     

体育运动中的基因兴奋剂

WADA将基因或细胞兴奋剂定义为“能增强运动能力的基因，遗传元素和／或细胞的非治疗性的使用”．遗传学和基因学的新的研究结果不仅将用于疾病的诊断和治疗，而且还将用于试图增强机体的运动能力．用于治疗疾病的基因疗法，如贫血（EPO基因）、肌肉营养不良（IGF—I基因）和外周血管疾病（血管内皮生长因子基因）等，都可能被用于兴奋剂．为保护运动员的健康和保证公平竞争，IOC、WADA和ISF（国际体育联合会）已将提高运动能力的药物和方法定义为基因兴奋剂，并禁止其使用．     

生物工程的现状与展望

阐述了生物工程在农牧、食品、医药工业、生物采矿、生物化工、环境保护、生物能源、生物医学工程等主要领域的发展现状;分析讨论了美国、日本、西欧等国家生物工程的竞争态势;展望了生物工程的未来前景。     

冷冻干燥草菇有效导热系数的测定

本文尝试以线热源探针法测定冻干草菇的有效导热系数随冻干压力的变化关系；并与基于实际冻干过程的拟稳态测定结果进行了比较；两种方法所得的结果相接近。基于上述测定结果，又计算了草菇冻干过程的升华阶段时间，均与实验结果吻合。文中还对两种测定方法的特点进行了比较，认为线热源探针法简便快捷，能较准确地测定冻干食品的有效导热系数，为深入研究冻干热质传递过程创造了条件。     

真核生物的热击反应及转录调控的研究现状

真核生物受热击及其他应激作用后能诱导产生ＨＳＰ。ＨＳＰ在生物体内起着重要的生理功能。研究热击反应有助于搞清植物基因表达调控的机理，这也是科学家们近几年来研究的热点。随着植物基因工程技术的完善和发展，这一研究进展很快。ＨＳＥ、ＨＳＦ和ＨＳＰ在热击基因转录和调控过程中起着非常重要的作用。     

视网膜母细胞瘤基因产物磷酸化水平与细胞生长状态的关系

随着无血清培养细胞时间的延长，红胞合成Ｒｂ蛋白量和磷酸化水平逐渐降低，当细胞生长停止时，Ｒｂ蛋白处于低磷外化状态．正丁酸钠可诱导ＨＬ６０终端分化为单核－巨噬细胞；视黄酸、二甲基亚砜使ＨＬ６０分化为粒细胞．尽管分化途径不同．但是终端分化的细胞都只能合成低磷酸化的Ｒｂ蛋白．结果表明当细胞处于生长停滞状态，细胞都只能合成低磷酸化的Ｒｂ蛋白．     

Gene inactivation triggered by recognition between DNA repeats

This chapter focuses on phenomena of gene inactivation resulting from the presence of repeated gene copies within the genome of plants and fungi, and on their possible relationships to homologous DNA-DNA interactions. Emphasis is given to two related premeiotic processes: Methylation Induced Premeiotically (MIP) and Repeat-Induced Point mutation (RIP) which take place in the fungiAscobolus immersus andNeurospora crassa, respectively. The relationships between these processes and genetic recombination are discussed.