The Optimum Model and Its Decision Support System of Coal Quality Balance

1　 Coal Quality Balance and Its Significance[1]Coal quality balance is to make a comprehensive plan concerning excavation steps and coalamount disposition of different coal seams based upon the natural coal-preservation stateand its relation with mining engineering in the three dimensional space so as to have thequality of coal excavated from different districts blended and coordinated the greatestextent possible and ensure the coal quality uniformity and stability,thus raise economicand soc…     

动态增长的中国滩涂资源

中国的滩涂资源是一种动态增长的后备土地资源，具有继续扩张的潜力。滩涂面积每年可增加2万多hm^2。讨论了滩涂动态增长的机理，提出了滩涂资源生态开发的设想。滩涂资源的动态增长对缓解沿海地区人多地少的尖锐矛盾具有重要的现实意义。但必须致力于滩涂资源的生态开发，以便实现滩涂资源的可持续利用。图2，表2，参8。     

基于生态经济学理论与方法的生态补偿量化研究

以生态系统服务和生态足迹的理论和方法为基础,从国家宏观层面建立生态补偿的判定标准、量化模型和计算方法.在此基础上以中国各省份为例,研究中国区域之间的生态补偿量化问题.结果表明:1)生态赤字大小的顺序为东部>中部>西部,而生态系统服务价值贡献顺序恰好相反.2)东部地区该支付的生态补偿总量为439.50×108yuan/a,各省平均为73.25×108yuan/a;中部总量为482.98×108yuan/a,各省平均为40.25×108yuan/a,西部总量158.56×108yuan/a,各省平均为12.20×108yuan/a.建议国家建立生态补偿基金,协调区域生态服务与生态占用的矛盾.     

互联网能耗和性能优化的权衡模型

互联网能耗和性能互为矛盾已经成为网络研究人员的广泛共识. 目前的研究方法通常仅将其中一个方面作为主要问题,而将另外一方面作为次要问题来解决. 因此,如何将互联网能耗和性能作为同等重要的指标进行协同优化,是本文所要研究的问题. 本文提出了一种通用优化模型来实现减小互联网能耗的同时提升网络性能. 为将其应用于实际,本文通过引入并定义代价函数和功率-带宽函数,将该通用模型具体化为一个线性规划模型. 评估结果显示,该线性规划模型的最优解能够同时降低网络的最大链路利用率和能耗,并且使得这两者中的每一个指标均近似于对其进行单一优化的模型的最优解,从而实现了对网络能耗和性能的协同优化. 与当前互联网相比,在最大链路利用率方面,本文所提出模型的最优解最多可将其减小60.6%,最少减小45.8%;在能耗方面,该模型的最优解最多可将其减小83.3%,最少减小56.7%.     

煤炭开采地表塌陷生态环境防护恢复措施

介绍了山西生态环境现状和生态防护恢复的必要性,分析了煤炭资源开发利用对生态环境的影响,提出了生态环境的防护恢复措施。     

论奥德姆的生态哲学思想

奥德姆生态哲学思想有三个基本方面,贯穿其中的是能量概念。一是从物质范式到能量范式的转化。二是以能量概念为前提,主张整体论的研究,同时有限承认还原论的地位。三是以能量范式和整体论为前提,主张人与自然相贯通的审视视野,并由此展开其应用生态学的思想。     

The behaviour of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus,the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on mowed lawns makes them especially vulnerable to bird predators

ABSTRACT

Males of the green June beetle Cotinis nitida are regularly attacked by birds as they search for females on lawns but which bird species feeds on the beetle changes from year to year. In 2018 for the first time on a farm in northern Virginia, brown thrashers (Toxostomum rufum) joined blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) as major predators of the beetles. The two species employed very different tactics when hunting for June beetles, with the thrashers searching while walking forward on the mowed lawn while the jays scanned for beetles when perched in trees about the lawn. The beetles became very scarce at the lawn in early July in 2017 and 2018 and their predators apparently moved elsewhere. Subsequently, male beetles were occasionally observed patrolling a nearby hayfield in search of mates with rare copulations recorded after July 15. Because predatory birds could not exploit the beetles in the tall grass of the hayfield it seems likely that the mowed lawn constituted an evolutionarily novel ecological trap which made searching beetles conspicuous and easily captured by beetle-hunting birds.     

广西壮族自治区青蒿生态气候适宜性区划

为有效指导广西青蒿（Artemisia annua L.）种植,本文结合文献,分析影响广西青蒿素（artemisinin）含量的主要气象要素,并建立了青蒿素含量-气象要素数学模型.利用地理信息系统的空间分析功能,选取与广西青蒿素含量相关性最高的17个气象要素,作为区划指标,对广西进行青蒿生态气候适宜性区划,划分出四级适宜区.可知广西西部和东北部的山区是最适宜青蒿生长的区域,青蒿苗期和花期时的气象要素对青蒿素含量的影响最大,花期时处于光照强度较高、温度相对较低、降水量较小区域内的青蒿中青蒿素含量较高.本文为广西青蒿种植适宜区域的选择提供了理论依据,对类似研究也具有参考意义.     

内蒙古生态科技化的区域性特征及其对策

利用生态科技化评价指标体系和生态现代化模型对内蒙古生态科技化程度进行了区域性特征分析,指出今后应继续通过技术进步和生产方式转变,尽快实现生态现代化,提前实现资源和能量消耗速率的"零增长"和生态环境退化速率的"零增长"。