Variations in CaCO3 content and Sr isotopic composition of loess and records of paleoclimatic fluctuations

The carbonate Sr isotopic composition of the Heimugou loess-paleosol section in Luochuan of Shaanxi Province shows large variation, with the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios ranging from 0.7104 to 0.7120. The carbonate in paleosol has in general higher 87Sr/86Sr than the carbonate in loess. In the loess-paleosol section, the Sr isotopic composition vary with an about 100 ka periodicity, corresponding to the change of global glacial cycle and comparable with the variation of Sr isotopic composition of paleosea water. This result indicates that the Sr isotopic composition of carbonate in loess can be an indicator of crustal weathering and paleoclimate change. The fluctuation in Sr isotopic composition of paleoseawater is mainly controlled by the continental riverine flux of Sr and its isotopic composition.     

The incorporation of thermal methods in mineral magnetism of loess-paleosol sequences: a brief overview

The advantages of thermal methods for mineral-magnetic research of loess/paleosol sequences are illustrated in an introductory overview. When applying thermal methods, magnetite and maghemite can be distinguished, something which is difficult with field-dependent measurements at room temperature. Also, variable low-temperature oxidation that is related to climate may be quantified. Thirdly, grain-size estimates pertaining to the whole superparamagnetic range can be inferred from LT warming experiments and to a lesser extent from variable chemical alteration during heating. Application of mineral-magnetic techniques may lead to the development of quantifiable proxy parameters for paleoclimate.     

High resolution particle siz e analysis as a tool for interpreting incipient soils in loess

Thick loess deposits in the central U.S.A. often contain incipient soil zones that have slightly darker color, more clay, and in most cases, stronger soil structure than surrounding unweathered loess. These incipient soil zones can be interpreted as the direct result of warmer or wetter climatic episodes, or as the sedimentary result of changes in local loess deposition rate. High-resolution particle size analyses by laser diffraction support a sedimentary explanation for incipient soil zones in Illinois and Nebraska, U.S.A. The soil zones contain more fine silt and clay than loess above and below. This could have resulted from a temporary reduction in the local loess deposition rate, leading to a greater relative contribution of far-traveled dust that contained more fine silt and clay.     

High-resolution multi-proxy records of Asian monsoon activities from terrestrial sediments over the last 75,000 years

Our research group have investigated chronology and sedimentology of terrestrial sediments including loess-paleosols sediments over the last 75 ka at Lanzhou, northwestern China, and over the last 45ka at Tokyo, central Japan. Based on chronology of high resolution dating of ESR, TL, and IRSL and tephrochronology in these sediments, we investigated to reconstruct activities of Asian summer and winter paleomonsoons by using magnetic susceptibility, color reflectance and eolian dust concentrations over the last 75ka. Relations between standard curves of delta ~(18)O in GISP2 and color reflectance in loess-paleosol sediments of Linxia over last 140 ka shows that color reflectances are good proxy records indicating Asian summer paleomonsoon activity in time and are closely related to standard curve of delta ~(18)O in GRIP since the last interglacial. Also, relations between standard curve of delta ~(18)O in GISP2 and eolian dust concentrations over the last 75 ka at Lanzhou shows the Asian winter paleomonsoon activities have coincided with climatic changes in North Atlantic by GISP2 ice cores, and suggests that response of winter monsoon was rapid in global cooling stages, but slow in warming stage. Other results of our research in terrestrial sediments show as follows; 1) Horizons of Heinrich events from H1 to H4 in loess-paleosol sequences at Lanzhou. 2) Magnetic susceptibility and MS frequency dependent are possible to be available as proxy records for pedogenesis of tile Kanto Loam in Japan. 3) 8.2ka cooling event was recognized in Holocene loess-paleosol sequences at Lanzhou.     

论饱和黄土的工程特征

在山西汾河流域低阶地地区,由于地质环境的改变,地下水位上升,形成了饱和黄土。它具有软土的某些特征,但与沿海软土不同。本文通过对饱和黄土形成机制的研究和对其强度、工程特性的分析,结合工程实践经验,论述了饱和黄土的地基评价与地基处理方法     

原状黄土固结过程中电阻率参数变化研究

通过测试原状黄土固结过程中的电阻率,研究了固结压力和电流频率对电阻率参数的影响规律。结果表明:原状黄土固结过程中,随着压力的增大,横向电阻率增大,竖向电阻率、平均结构因子、平均形状因子和各项异性系数先减小后增大;随着电流频率的增大,平均结构因子和平均形状因子先快速下降后逐渐趋于平稳,各向异性系数先快速上升后缓慢上升;建议类似研究的电流频率范围采用50 k Hz~1 MHz为宜。     

山西黄土地质灾害的特性及治理研究

通过对山西地区忻州、吕梁、临汾地区的地质灾害调查,收集近两年发生黄土地质灾害的统计资料,并对土体基本物理力学指标进行分析。认为山西黄土地质灾害分布范围广泛,主要以滑坡、崩塌为主,黄土地质灾害的发生受其特有的物质成分和工程性质所控制;并具有地域性分布特点。根据相关规范以实际工程为依托提出对崩塌、滑坡土体采取挡土墙工程、截水工程、削坡减重等工程治理措施,并建议采取工程与生物措施共同实施。     

黄土高原DEM分辨率对提取坡度精度的影响

在黄土高原选取代表不同地貌类型的延川、绥德、富县3个研究样区,以及1∶1万地形图所建立的不同水平分辨率数字高程模型(DEM)为研究对象,分别分析每一大样区不同水平分辨率DEM所提取坡度的面积误差变化规律.提出面积百分比加权总体误差和面积百分比平均总体误差的指标,在每一大样区随机选取20个试验样区,得到两项误差指标与水平分辨率的线性函数关系.根据线性函数关系,由已知误差求得所需要的水平分辨率范围,并在每一大样区的16个随机检验样区通过检验.线性函数关系模型的建立,可望为实际工作选取适宜的水平分辨率提供依据,对于在保证精度的条件下节约成本,减小数据量具有一定意义.文中最后提出,所指出的两项指标不适用于风沙-黄土过渡区域.     

下蜀黄土用作填埋场衬垫层的防渗试验

城市固体垃圾的填埋处置是我国今后相当长时间内垃圾的主要处理方式,衬垫层在垃圾卫生填埋场设计中居于关键地位。从我国国情出发,选取长江中下游地区广泛分布的下蜀黄土为研究对象,通过对其本征特性、击实特性以厦在不同状态下的渗透性能等的试验研究,揭示下蜀黄土的渗透规律,确定其用作垃圾填埋场衬垫层的有效方式,为合理开发和有效利用下蜀黄土这种廉价资源进行环境保护提供可靠的理论依据。     

地震和降雨条件下黄土高填方边坡稳定性分析

针对地震和降雨会影响黄土高填方边坡稳定性的问题,采用地震动力计算、完全流固耦合计算和强度折减计算,对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡进行分析,并对边坡土体位移时程、加速度功率频谱、吸力、有效应力和最小安全性系数进行分析,研究地震和降雨入渗条件对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明：地震作用对黄土高填方边坡表层土体作用大于填方基底土体作用;降雨入渗对边坡土体的影响范围为表层土体和浅层土体;降雨入渗使得边坡表层土体的吸力和有效应力减小,而使浅层土体局部吸力增大;降雨过程中边坡表层土体有效应力减小,浅层土体有效应力先增加后逐渐减小;地震后降雨入渗引起边坡最危险滑移面区域发生改变,降雨速率和降雨持续时间均对最小安全性系数有影响,降雨结束后边坡最小安全性系数降低.该研究为三维条件下地震和降雨入渗对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡稳定性研究提供参考.