磷酸钙沉淀法去除厌氧养猪废水中磷的实验研究

利用钙盐对模拟的厌氧养猪废水进行除磷研究,找出磷酸钙形成沉淀所需的适宜钙磷比。先后进行批次和连续流试验,比较生石灰与熟石灰的除磷效果以及石灰与钙盐在除磷应用上的区别,优化选出最佳除磷试剂。实验表明:磷酸钙沉淀法能有效去除厌氧养猪废水中的磷元素,同时降低废水的色度和浊度。     

Synthesis of self-assembled needle-shaped calcium carbonate superstructures

Novel self-assembled calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) crystals exhibiting the morphology of well-defined needles were synthesized by a simple precipitation reaction in the presence of octadecyl dihydrogen phosphate (ODP) as a crystal additive. The CaCO₃ obtained by this method is hydrophobic, making it likely to be used widely in industry. The resulting products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle experiments. The results indicated that ODP plays an important role in determining the structure, morphology and hydrophobicity of CaCO₃ crystals.     

密闭电石炉尾气综合利用探讨

采用密闭电石炉是电石生产行业未来的发展趋势,而密闭电石炉尾气中含有大量CO等可利用气体,通过综合利用既能产生经济效益,又符合温室气体减排要求。     

微波法合成红色长余辉磷光粉CaWO4∶ Eu3+的研究

采用微波法合成了新型红色长余辉发光材料CaWO4：Eu^3＋，并表征了其结构以及激发、发射光谱和余辉衰减曲线．X-射线衍射分析证实其为单相的钨酸钙，用254nm紫外灯激发后，CaWO4：Eu^3＋产生红色长余辉发光，余辉发射归属于Eu^3＋的^5D0到^7FJ（J=0，1，2，3，4）的跃迁。     

水热法合成超细硫酸钙晶须

以CaSO4.2H2O为原料,采用水热法合成了超细硫酸钙晶须.以扫描电镜作为分析超细硫酸钙晶须直径的手段,得出制备超细硫酸钙晶须的最优工艺条件为反应温度120℃、料浆初始pH值9.8~10.1、料浆质量分数5%、原料粒度18.1μm.在此条件下,制备出了平均直径为0.19μm,长径比为98的超细硫酸钙晶须产品.得出的结论对超细硫酸钙晶须的工业化生产具有重要的指导意义.     

掺硅灰的低水胶比水泥水化产物定量预测方法

基于低水胶比下水泥水化原理以及硅灰作用机制,考虑体系中氢氧化钙量的变化,修正中心粒子模型,提出掺硅灰的低水胶比水泥水化产物体积分数预测方法.对比提出方法、试验数据、Power模型以及Jensen模型,结果表明:所提方法可较好地描述掺硅灰的低水胶比水泥水化进程并定量预测不同水化产物的体积含量;当无硅灰时,所提方法计算的未水化水泥和化学收缩的体积与Power模型计算结果基本一致;当含有硅灰时,所提方法计算的水化产物的体积分数与Jensen模型的模拟相近.     

关于改性碳酸钙性能测试方法的探讨

详细介绍了力学性能测试、松散堆积密度法、萃取法测接枝率等改性碳酸钙性能测试法。讨论发现,3种方法的测试结果完全吻合,由此可证明松散堆积密度法、萃取法测接枝率也是行之有效的测试新方法。     

聚氯乙烯热稳定剂研究新进展

随着人们环保意识的逐渐加强,传统的聚氯乙烯(PVC)热稳定剂,如铅盐类稳定剂已受到了一定的使用限制,因此相应地研究和开发出了一系列新型的PVC热稳定剂,如稀土类、钙锌(Ca/Zn)复合类和有机类热稳定剂.它们几乎是无毒的或低毒的化合物.本文概述了PVC热降解机理,国内外新型热稳定剂的种类、特点及其发展趋势.     

添加剂条件下氯化钙制备纳米碳酸钙

基于化工生产中大量副产氯化钙,以氯化钙、氨水和二氧化碳为原料,在添加剂条件下对制备纳米碳酸钙进行了研究。实验研究了添加剂种类和用量、反应温度和二氧化碳流量等工艺条件对产物粒径的影响,采用XRD和TEM对产物进行了分析。实验结果表明:在添加剂条件下,以氯化钙、氨水和二氧化碳为原料可以制备纳米碳酸钙,反应条件温和能耗低;实验条件下制备的产物为方解石型近球状纳米碳酸钙。     

Molecular mechanisms of BK channel activation

Large conductance, Ca²⁺-activated potassium (BK) channels are widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom and play important roles in many physiological processes, such as muscle contraction, neural transmission and hearing. These physiological roles derive from the ability of BK channels to be synergistically activated by membrane voltage, intracellular Ca²⁺ and other ligands. Similar to voltage-gated K⁺ channels, BK channels possess a pore-gate domain (S5–S6 transmembrane segments) and a voltage-sensor domain (S1–S4). In addition, BK channels contain a large cytoplasmic C-terminal domain that serves as the primary ligand sensor. The voltage sensor and the ligand sensor allosterically control K⁺ flux through the pore-gate domain in response to various stimuli, thereby linking cellular metabolism and membrane excitability. This review summarizes the current understanding of these structural domains and their mutual interactions in voltage-, Ca²⁺ - and Mg²⁺ -dependent activation of the channel. Received 25 September 2008; received after revision 23 October 2008; accepted 24 October 2008