从休眠到复苏:小学习作教学中作者意识的激活

当下习作教学中作者意识已休眠:作者缺失言语表现意识、缺乏自我检阅意识、缺欠习作评价意识、缺少习作发表意识,学生没有以"作者"的身份与姿态亲历习作的全程,导致习作教学成效不彰,习作教学中作者意识亟待复苏。鉴于此,笔者在习作教学实践中努力探寻习作教学中作者意识的恢复路径:一是驱动作者言语表现;二是激励作者自我检阅;三是构建习作评改联盟;四是拓展习作发表路径。藉此,复苏习作教学中的作者意识,提高习作教学的实效。     

Microstructure and texture evolution of a near β titanium alloy Ti-7333 during continuous cooling hot deformation

The microstructure and texture evolution during continuous cooling hot deformation(CCHD) in a near β titanium alloy, named Ti-7Mo-3Nb-3Cr-3Al(Ti-7333), were investigated by using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD). The results indicate that the precipitation of secondary α phase was restricted by CCHD, and the morphology of primary α phase nearly had no change with the deformation and temperature drop. In contrast, βphase underwent more deformation and the grains tended to refine. This may be due to the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) of β phase, including continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX). In addition, the textures of {110} 110 , {225} 520 and{115} 123 transformed to {100} 110 and {001} 100 during CCHD. Among these, the η-fiber component of {001} 100 was the dominant deformation texture in the deformed Ti-7333 alloy. Finally,continuous cooling has an important effect on the work hardening and softening during CCHD, contributing to the different flow behaviors at different cooling rates.     

3D TEM study on hollow α-Fe_2O_3 nanostructures and nanorings

Controlled synthesis of hollow structures with non-spherical holes is significant in fabricating nanomaterials with well-defined geometries and specific catalytic and electrochemical properties. Here we report the synthesis of uniform hexagonal bipyramid hematite(α-Fe_2O_3) nanoparticles with hollow and faceted interior via directional etching process in solution. The delicate hollow structures were investigated by electron tomography and growth mechanism was revealed unambiguously. The three-dimensional visualization demonstrates the outside surfaces of hematite particles are enclosed by six {104} and twelve {113} planes, due to the stabilizing effect of the F-anions on the exposed surfaces. The concurrent etching process is a reverse process of crystal growth and leads to the dissolution occurring at the edges and tips of the hexagonal bipyramid particles, resulting in the perforated crystals with exposed {102} internal facets or overetched nanorings with hexagonal cross-sections.This nanoscale growth and etching process still strictly follows the bulk crystal growth mechanism, thus shedding light on the synthesis of other nanoparticle with controlled morphologies and porous structures.     

Facile synthesis of FeFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial for removing methylene blue from aqueous solution

A facile and simple chemical precipitation method was utilized to synthesize FeFe_2O_4 magnetic nanomaterial for removing methylene blue(MB) from aqueous solution. Characterizations of this material were examined by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA-DTG and BET methods. Factors affecting the uptake of methylene blue, including p H, adsorption time, and MB initial concentration were also studied. The measured data were fitted by using four isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Temkin. Results showed that the Sips model offers the best fit to the data. In addition, the monolayer MB adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model was 42.35 mg g~(-1) under the optimal conditions of p H = 10 and adsorption time = 80 min. In particular, the uptake of MB onto FeFe_2O_4 magnetic nanomaterial obtained from the kinetic and mechanism studies of the adsorption was in good agreement with prediction of the pseudo-first-order model, whereas the electrostatic interaction was found to play a primary mechanism.     

Boosting charge collection efficiency via large-area free-standing Ag/ZnO core-shell nanowire array electrodes

Hybrid nanostructures, comprising of a metal core and a semiconductor shell layer, show great potential for a new generation of low-cost solar cells due to their unique electronic and optical properties. However, experimental results have fallen far short of the ultra-high efficiency(i.e. beyond Shockley-Queisser limit) predicted by theoretical simulations. This limits the commercial application of these materials. Here, a non-transparent organic solar cell with an array of Ag/ZnO nanowires has been experimentally fabricated to increase the internal quantum efficiency(IQE) by a factor of 2.5 compared to a planar counterpart. This result indicates a significant enhancement of charge collection efficiency due to the ultrafast Ag nanowire channels. This hybrid nanostructure can also serve as a perfect back reflector for semi-transparent solar cells, which can result in enhanced light absorption by a factor of 1.8 compared to the reference samples. The enhanced charge collection and light absorption can make these Ag/ZnO nanostructures available for the application of modern optoelectronic devices.     

Single PdO loaded on boron nanosheet for methane oxidation:A DFT study

The preparation of methanol (CH_3OH) from methane (CH_4) oxidation has been viewed as a promising technique to obtain liquid fuel from natural gas.It was demonstrated that oxygen was adsorbed on single palladium (PdO) as an excellent catalyst for the CH_(4)-to-CH_3OPH conversion under the scheme of density functional theory.The catalyst PdO loaded on boron sheet shows excellent stability and CH_3OH selectivity.Computational calculations reveal that the boron substrate remarkably tunes the state of palladium.     

Sintering mechanism of Cu-9Al alloy prepared from elemental powders

The sintering behavior of Cu-9Al alloys prepared from die pressing of elemental powders was investigated. The experimental results and kinetic analysis showed the formation of three consecutive layers of Al₂Cu, Al₄Cu₉, and AlCu phases, with Al₂Cu appearing first in the initial solid phase sintering stage. A liquid phase formed in the intermediate stage, resulting from the eutectic reaction between Al and Al₂Cu phases at 500 °C, which is 47 °C lower than the equilibrium reaction temperature. Swelling occurred when the liquid phase infiltrated the gaps between the copper particles, leaving pores at the original sites of Al particles and Al₂Cu. In the final stage of sintering, the Al-rich phases (Al₂Cu and AlCu) transformed to Al-poor phases (Al₄Cu₉ and α-Cu) in the temperature range of 500–565 °C. Al₄Cu₉ and α-Cu then transformed to AlCu₃ (β) above the eutectoid reaction temperature (565 °C), whereas AlCu₃ transformed to α-Cu and eutectoid phases (α-Cu + Al₄Cu₉) during cooling. The pure copper transformed to AlCu₃, and the pore volume decreased at 1000 °C. The microstructure study helps manipulate precisely the sintering process of Cu-Al alloys and optimize the microstructure with a high dimensional accuracy.     

基于普赖斯定律与综合指数法的核心作者和扩展核心作者分析——以《西南民族大学学报》(自然科学版)为例

核心作者和扩展核心作者是一个学术刊物影响力和竞争力的重要贡献者,他们的文章直接影响着期刊的质量,对核心作者和扩展核心作者进行分析有助于更好地了解期刊作者队伍的构成情况.以"中国知网"为数据统计源,对2006-2015年在《西南民族大学学报》(自然科学版)上发表的作者论文数、被引量进行统计,并采用普赖斯定律、综合指数法和期刊h指数等方法,对该刊核心作者和扩展核心作者进行分析.分析结果表明该校自然科学领域教学科研一线的工作者对该刊的发展贡献突出,是该刊重要的作者群体;该刊编辑应在稳定现有作者忠诚度的基础上,多渠道多方面宣传该刊,面向全国科研工作者邀约优秀稿件,以期更好地促进该刊的良性发展.     

论科技论文作者的素质

从心理素质和学术素质两个方面对科技论文作者应该具备的素质进行了深入的阐述,认为在心理素质方面应该具备追求真理,一丝不苟、持之以恒、不断创新,淡泊名利、诚实守信、献身科学等精神.在学术素质方面应具有一定的科学理论和方法,较高的专业水平和广博的知识,较高的文字修养和写作能力与严肃认真的写作态度.     

《甘肃科学学报》2001～2010年载文作者统计分析

运用文献计量学方法对《甘肃科学学报》2001～2010年1 369篇载文作者进行了统计,分析了载文的时间、地域、所属单位分布和论文作者的合著度.为全面了解、评价和改进学报的编校质量提供了参考依据.