中国无缝钢管技术装备的发展对策探讨

结合中国无缝钢管技术装备发展的问题,从充分发挥现有先进装备的特长和作用进行结构调整等方面探讨了中国无缝钢管技术装备的发展对策。     

舰载飞机着舰撞击载荷实测技术研究

针对国内飞机起落架载荷测量中普遍存在的静标动测问题,从理论和机理上分析了静标定的应变法实测动态载荷存在问题的原因。同时,考虑到舰载飞机因定点着舰方式遭受严重的动态载荷,重点研究了舰载飞机着舰撞击载荷的静标动测问题。通过动态落震试验模拟飞机着舰过程,根据测力平台的实测载荷分析,获取了应变法实测载荷精度受动态影响的程度,提出一种改进的惯性修正方法,即:通过落震试验数据辨识质量矩阵,通过辨识的质量矩阵和实测加速度修正应变法的实测载荷。试验结果表明,改进的惯性修正方法进一步提高了垂向载荷的测量精度,显著提高了航向和侧向载荷的实测精度。     

初始损伤对钢的延性起裂韧性影响的细观力学分析

通过力学参数测量和微观观察研究了初始损伤对钢的延性起裂韧性影响.研究结果表明,随钢组织在预加载荷中产生的微孔洞初始损伤量的增加,其延性起裂韧性降低.并进一步对初始损伤孔洞在后续加载中的演化行为的细观有限元力学进行模拟计算及微孔洞初始损伤对钢的延性起裂韧性影响的机理进行了研究.计算结果表明,初始大尺寸孔洞长大速度比较快,且在这些孔洞之间存在变形局部化,容易诱发二次小孔洞的形核和长大,从而使一次初始大孔洞连接,使材料延性起裂,因而大尺寸初始损伤孔洞主导了材料的延性起裂.随初始损伤量的增加,大尺寸孔洞的数量和尺寸增加,使孔洞聚合(延性起裂)时的应变降低,这也就是随着预载荷比P0/Pgy的增加,材料的延性起裂韧性Pi/Pgy降低的细观力学原因.     

The start-up of biohydrogen-producing process by bioaugmentation in the EGSB reactor

Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and bioaugmentation were employed to investigate biohydrogen production with molasses wastewater. The start-up experiments consisted of two stages. In the first stage (0～24d) seeded with activated sludge, the butyric acid type-fermentation formed when the initial expanding rate, organic loading rate (OLR), the initial redox potential (ORP) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 10%, 10.0 kg COD/(m3·d), - 215 mV and 6.7 h, respectively. At the beginning of the second stage on day 25, the novel hydrogen-producing fermentative bacterial strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL) were inoculated into the reactor under the condition of OLR 16. 0 kg COD/(m3·d), ORP and HRT about - 139 mV and 6.7 h, respectively, and then the reaction system transformed to ethanol-type fermentation gradually with the increase in OLR. When OLR, ORP and HRT were about 94.3 kg COD/(m3·d), -250 mV and 1.7 h, respectively, the system achieved the maximum hydrogen-producing rate of 282.6 mL H2/L reactor· h and hydrogen percentage of 51%～53% in the biogas.     

40 t钢水包倾翻特性的有限元分析

为了同时对钢包的倾翻特性和强度进行分析计算,使用ANSYS软件对40 t钢水包进行了有限元仿真分析,设计了一种新的分析思路和方法;经过建模、加载、约束及分析计算,同时计算出了钢水包的出水角度和倾翻过程中质心、倾翻转动惯量、转动力矩的变化情况和结构的应力、变形.结果表明:该分析思路和方法,不仅为产品的合理设计和配套设备的选择提供了可靠依据,而且为各种工作情况类似于钢水包的液体容器倾翻特性的分析提供了一种可行的方法.     

应力比对脆性材料断裂影响及应变断裂准则验证

应用材料破坏分析软件MFPA2D(material failure process analysis),模拟了平面应力下双向应力比不断变化条件下脆性材料的不同破坏失稳过程,并以玻璃为例,重点研究了其在复杂应力状态下不同双向应力比对脆性材料裂纹扩展和断裂的影响. 研究结果表明,裂纹失稳扩展时的应力强度因子值随着双向应力比的升高而升高. 该结果证明双向应力确实对脆性材料的断裂韧性有影响. 理论分析得出的应变失效准则与数值模拟研究结果及试验结果的比较研究表明,应变失效准则作为脆性材料在双向应力下的断裂准则是可行的.     

建设节约型社会首当节能及开发新能源

总结了我国能源生产及消费的现状和我国节能工作的开展情况,面对能源短缺的严峻形势,提出了开发可再生能源和生物质能源的战略构想。     

橡胶支座水平剪切弹塑性力学性能试验研究

通过对铅芯橡胶支座剪切弹塑性力学性能试验,发现铅芯橡胶支座的滞回曲线与加载时程密切相关,在同一水平应变下,水平剪切刚度随加载次数的增多有所减小,最后趋于稳定;在不同应变下,水平剪切刚度随应变的增大而减小.试验还表明铅芯橡胶支座不仅在大应变存在着小应变滞回特性,而且在小应变也存在着小应变滞回特性.     

Effects of mechanical strain amplitude on the isothermal fatigue behavior of H13

Isothermal fatigue (IF) tests were performed on H13 tool steel subjected to three different mechanical strain amplitudes at a constant temperature to determine the effects of mechanical strain amplitude on the microstructure of the steel samples. The samples' extent of damage after IF tests was compared by observation of their cracks and calculation of their damage parameters. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the microstructure of the samples. Cracks were observed to initiate at the surface because the strains and stresses there were the largest during thermal cycling. Mechanical strain accelerated the damage and softening of the steel. A larger mechanical strain caused greater deformation of the steel, which made the precipitated carbides easier to gather and grow along the deformation direction, possibly resulting in softening of the material or the initiation of cracks.     

基于ANSYS的湿室型墩墙式泵房有限元结构分析

在对湿室型墩墙式泵房进行的结构分析中,三维有限元计算分析中考虑了底板、基础、墩墙的共同作用,与平面分析存在差异.通过对计算结果的比较分析,为类似结构的计算提供参考.