黄河沉积物中重金属离子的形态转化及释放研究

以黄河包头段上游清洁河段的沉积物为吸附剂,以Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 等多离子溶液为吸附质,开展了重金属离子被黄河沉积物吸附后的再释放,以及吸附作用对重金属形态转化的影响等实验研究．结果表明,重金属离子被黄河沉积物吸附后,各元素均不转入残渣态,Cu^2 和Zn^2 主要向碳酸盐结合态及铁锰氧化物结合态转化,Pb^2 主要向碳酸盐结合态和可交换态转化;Cd^2 主要转入可交换态和碳酸盐结合态．吸附后的赋存形态决定了Cd^2 的释放量及释放能力远远大于其它3种重金属离子,由Cd^2 排放引起的污染不易消除且影响长久．     

REE geochemistry of suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea and provenance indicators

Rare earth element (REE) compositions of the suspended sediments from the rivers around the Yellow Sea were different in that Korean river sediments (Han, Keum and Yeongsan Rivers) yield stronger fractionations than Chinese river sediments (Changjiang, Huanghe and Yalujiang), shown by obvious enrichments of LREE (light rare earth element) relative to UCC (upper continental crust).Variations of source rock compositions in the drainage basins are responsible for the differences of REE compositions between the river sediments. REE fractionation parameters including (La/Yb)ucc and (Gd/Yb)ucc as well as the ratios of La/Sc and Th/Sc can be treated as proper proxies for identifying the Chinese river sediments from those Korean river matters, and furthermore, for studying the provenances and paleoenvironmental changes of the marginal seas of China.     

搞好统计工作 提高服务质量

简述了统计工作在图书馆工作中的重要性,指出统计指标中借次率、阅读率等的计算方法及其意义。     

Numerical simulation on the evolution of sediment waves caused by turbidity currents

Interest in the forming mechanism of sediment waves increases recently because of its significance on submarine engineering, sedimentary dynamics and hydrocarbon reservoir prediction in deep water. In this paper, the time-averaged continuity equations and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are applied in the numerical simulation of fluid dynamics. The modeling results are used to illuminate the effects of topography on turbidity current and explore the origin of submarine sediment waves. The research results show that (1) deposition occurs firstly at the lower ramp due to the deceleration of fluid, increase of density, loss of flow capacity and longer duration of flow passage; (2) density increase at the upslope due to the local jam results in velocity decrease and pressure increase; (3) sediment waves begin to be formed and migrated toward upstream in an area far away from the source with in- crease of the turbidity events; (4) deposition becomes more slowly with decrease of grain sizes, but the shape and sequences of these deposits are controlled by topography, not grain size.     

The orbital scale evolution of regional climate recorded in a long sediment core from Heqing, China

Based on the analysis of carbonate content and loss on ignition for a long sediment core (737 m in length) drilled in Heqing, the orbital scale evolution of the Southwest Monsoon is revealed, by using overlapped spectral analysis and filter methods. It is shown that the obliquity cycle and precession cycle are the key factors for the Southwest Monsoon evolution and that the change of the global ice volume and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau also impose great influences on it.     

西秦岭厂坝-李家沟铅锌矿矿床地质特征和成因分析

摘要：厂坝一李家沟矿床规模巨大，是秦岭地区西成铅锌成矿带的重要矿床之一。矿体形态和规模明显受沉积洼地控制。矿石常显微莓球状、针状、他形隐晶质、显微球粒结构。可识别的矿石沉积一成矿作用构造有浸染一条带状、条纹一条带状、隐晶质条带、条块状、块状构造等。矿体中下部主要为块状矿石，富黄铁矿、闪锌矿、钠长石和石英；上部为条带状、浸染状和层纹状矿石，富闪锌矿、重晶石和方解石。条带状的石英钠长石岩和重晶石所含的典型喷气元素B和As的含量比正常沉积岩高出几倍到几十倍。闪锌矿中Zn／Cd〉〉500，黄铁矿中Co／Ni为O．2～O．8。另外，该矿主要形成于受裂谷控制的克拉通内部及其边缘的沉降盆地。结果表明，厂坝矿具有较典型的Sedex型矿床特征。[第一段]     

滩涂沉积物中叶绿素a浓度与沉积特性的关系

2005年4，5，10和12月在崇明东滩中潮带光泥滩(藻类盐渍带)内靠近海三棱藨草( Scripus mariqueter )带选择一区域，沿高程方向选取3个断面，每个断面选取了3个样点，进行了表层沉积物叶绿素a的浓度和粒径组成的观测研究.结果表明，研究区域表层沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度4，5月份较高，分别为(5.997±0.803) μg·g^-1和(2.356±0.298) μg·g^-1，12月份最低，为(0.571±0.091) μg·g^-1；表层沉积物中细颗粒物质(＜50 μm)含量从4月到12月也有减少的趋势，春季4月份最高，为(91.0±5.44)%，冬季12月份最低，为(59.8±11.95)%.对4个月份样品的叶绿素a浓度与细颗粒物质含量进行相关关系分析，研究结果显示它们之间存在线性正相关( r=0.693，P=0.012 )，表明细颗粒物质的含量与叶绿素a浓度之间存在着一定的相互促进作用.此外，由于光的限制，沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度主要分布在表层1 cm内，且海三棱藨草与光滩过渡带中光滩表层沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度远大于同高程的海三棱藨草内.     

南宁市南湖沉积物磷释放的研究

采用室内试验模拟法研究了南宁市南湖的沉积物中磷释放速度，释放量及影响南湖沉积物磷释放的各种环境因子，确定了南湖的内负荷，并探讨沉积物磷释放对南湖水质的影响，为南湖综合整治提供科学依据。     

泵站工程压力管道最优管径的计算机求解

如何经济，合理地选择高扬程泵站压力管道的管径是一个十分重要的问题，本文借助于计算机，以年费用最小为目标函数为对合理选择压力管道的管径作一探讨，并给出算例。     

光行差对恒星时的影响分析

光行差是观测者的运动速度与星光的运动速度相结合(相对运动)产生的一种光学效应。各种光行差对恒星的观测均会产生影响,本文阐述了周日光行差和周年光行差对恒星坐标(主要是赤经)的影响,并进一步分析光行差对地方恒星时产生的影响。