汽油中硫化氢和硫醇硫的极谱分析

用极谱分析法测定了汽油中的硫化氢和硫醇硫的含量.以甲醇、吡啶、去离子水作为混合溶剂,以0.1 mol/L KOH溶液作为支持电解质。把传统的酸性底液改为碱性底液,提高了测定的灵敏度.不经过分离可分别测定硫化氢和硫醇硫的含量,最低检出限量均为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,回收率在95％以上.     

吸附溶出伏安法同时测定水中痕量锌和镉

报道了同时测定痕量锌和镉的新方法 .在 0 .0 1mol/LHAc - 0 .0 1mol/LNaAc- 1.2× 10 - 5mol/L乙醛酸缩氨基硫脲 (GATSC)中 ,Zn -GATSC和Cd -GATSC均产生非常灵敏的吸附波 ,峰电位分别是 - 0 .82V和 - 0 .4 3V(vs·SCE) ,峰电流和锌、镉的浓度分别在 3.0× 10 - 8～ 8.0× 10 - 7mol/L和 1.0× 10 - 8～ 6 .0× 10 - 7mol/L范围内成直线关系 ,检测限分别是 8.0× 10 - 9和 3.0× 10 - 9mol/L .该方法用于测定水中痕量锌和镉 ,结果令人满意     

聚苯硫醚与尼龙6共混物的结晶与熔融行为

本文用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了聚苯硫醚(PPS)与尼龙6(N6)共混物的结晶与熔融行为,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了 PPS 及其共混物的结晶形态。结果表明,共混物中 N6组分的存在对PPS 晶核的形成有促进作用;PPS 及其共混物在等温结晶过程呈现双峰特征是与 PPS 分子链的端基结构密切相关。经等温结晶处理的试样,在熔融时相应的 PPS 也呈现双峰,其低温峰随结晶温度的提高而向高温方向移动。PPS 及其共混物膜在一定条件下结晶后,可形成典型的树枝晶形态。     

聚苯硫醚/尼龙6共混物的结构与性质

本文采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、广角 X 射发散射(WAXS)及毛细管流变仪等近代测试方法对聚苯硫醚(PPS)与尼龙6(N6)共混物的相容性、相形态、熔体的流变性质及由该共混物所纺制的纤维的力学性质进行了研究.结果表明.PPS 与 N6为热力学不相容的两相体系,但具有良好的机械共混相容性.分散相的尺寸、形状与共混物的组成密切相关.共混物熔体的表观粘度——组成曲线上呈现极小与极大值,反映一般不相容两相体系的流动特征.共混纤维的断裂强度比原 PPS 纤维强度低.但勾结强度有明显增加.     

等效粒子模型在氢气氛下ZnO脱硫研究中的应用

本文用热重法研究了球形及圆柱体T305脱硫剂在氢气氛下脱除COS反应的宏观动力学。实验表明,该反应对COS为一级反应。在240～390℃的温度范围内,就粒子上的反应而言,反应初期受反应本身控制,中后期转移到颗粒扩散控制。反应活化能及产物层扩散活化能分别为19.097 kJ/mol和46.438 kJ/mol.用等效粒子模型描述动力学行为,给出了该模型的各参数估值,讨论了有氢及无氢气氛下模型参数的差异及其原因。     

氧化锌催化合成松香甘油酯的最佳工艺条件

本文用氧化锌作催化剂,松香与甘油为原料进行酯化反应,合成松香甘油酯.实验首先通过反应温度、反应时间、醇酸比等单一因素对酯化反应的大致影响.然后采用正交实验法,考虑三个因素,三个水平对产物的影响,得出最佳的反应条件：反应温度为270℃、反应时间为8h、松香与甘油的物质的量比2.5：1.该条件下,产品的酸值为8.94mgKOH/g,酯化率为94.4%.最后,用红外光谱对产品作出相应的分析.氧化锌具有催化活性大,选择性高,不腐蚀设备等优点,适合现代工业的需要,是一种良好的催化剂.     

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) on mineral oxides including SiO2,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,ZnO and TiO2,which are the main components of atmospheric particles,were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS),ion chromatography (IC),temperature-programmed desorption (TPD),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely,OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO42- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate (HSCO2-) and HSO3- species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows: Al2O3 ≈ CaO > MgO > TiO2 ≈ ZnO > Fe2O3 > SiO2. The specific area,basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.